Spdk/module/bdev/nvme/bdev_nvme.c

/*-
 *   BSD LICENSE
 *
 *   Copyright (c) Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 *   Copyright (c) 2019 Mellanox Technologies LTD. All rights reserved.
 *
 *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 *   are met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *       distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
 *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "spdk/stdinc.h"

#include "bdev_nvme.h"
#include "bdev_ocssd.h"

#include "spdk/config.h"
#include "spdk/endian.h"
#include "spdk/bdev.h"
#include "spdk/json.h"
#include "spdk/nvme.h"
#include "spdk/nvme_ocssd.h"
#include "spdk/thread.h"
#include "spdk/string.h"
#include "spdk/util.h"

#include "spdk/bdev_module.h"
#include "spdk/log.h"

#define SPDK_BDEV_NVME_DEFAULT_DELAY_CMD_SUBMIT true
#define SPDK_BDEV_NVME_DEFAULT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_IN_MS	(10000)

static int bdev_nvme_config_json(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w);

struct nvme_bdev_io {
	/** array of iovecs to transfer. */
	struct iovec *iovs;

	/** Number of iovecs in iovs array. */
	int iovcnt;

	/** Current iovec position. */
	int iovpos;

	/** Offset in current iovec. */
	uint32_t iov_offset;

	/** array of iovecs to transfer. */
	struct iovec *fused_iovs;

	/** Number of iovecs in iovs array. */
	int fused_iovcnt;

	/** Current iovec position. */
	int fused_iovpos;

	/** Offset in current iovec. */
	uint32_t fused_iov_offset;

	/** Saved status for admin passthru completion event, PI error verification, or intermediate compare-and-write status */
	struct spdk_nvme_cpl cpl;

	/** Originating thread */
	struct spdk_thread *orig_thread;

	/** Keeps track if first of fused commands was submitted */
	bool first_fused_submitted;
};

struct nvme_probe_ctx {
	size_t count;
	struct spdk_nvme_transport_id trids[NVME_MAX_CONTROLLERS];
	struct spdk_nvme_host_id hostids[NVME_MAX_CONTROLLERS];
	const char *names[NVME_MAX_CONTROLLERS];
	uint32_t prchk_flags[NVME_MAX_CONTROLLERS];
	const char *hostnqn;
};

struct nvme_probe_skip_entry {
	struct spdk_nvme_transport_id		trid;
	TAILQ_ENTRY(nvme_probe_skip_entry)	tailq;
};
/* All the controllers deleted by users via RPC are skipped by hotplug monitor */
static TAILQ_HEAD(, nvme_probe_skip_entry) g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(
			g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs);

static struct spdk_bdev_nvme_opts g_opts = {
	.action_on_timeout = SPDK_BDEV_NVME_TIMEOUT_ACTION_NONE,
	.timeout_us = 0,
	.keep_alive_timeout_ms = SPDK_BDEV_NVME_DEFAULT_KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT_IN_MS,
	.retry_count = 4,
	.arbitration_burst = 0,
	.low_priority_weight = 0,
	.medium_priority_weight = 0,
	.high_priority_weight = 0,
	.nvme_adminq_poll_period_us = 10000ULL,
	.nvme_ioq_poll_period_us = 0,
	.io_queue_requests = 0,
	.delay_cmd_submit = SPDK_BDEV_NVME_DEFAULT_DELAY_CMD_SUBMIT,
};

#define NVME_HOTPLUG_POLL_PERIOD_MAX			10000000ULL
#define NVME_HOTPLUG_POLL_PERIOD_DEFAULT		100000ULL

static int g_hot_insert_nvme_controller_index = 0;
static uint64_t g_nvme_hotplug_poll_period_us = NVME_HOTPLUG_POLL_PERIOD_DEFAULT;
static bool g_nvme_hotplug_enabled = false;
static struct spdk_thread *g_bdev_nvme_init_thread;
static struct spdk_poller *g_hotplug_poller;
static struct spdk_poller *g_hotplug_probe_poller;
static struct spdk_nvme_probe_ctx *g_hotplug_probe_ctx;

static void nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
		struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx);
static void nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces_done(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
		struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx);
static int bdev_nvme_library_init(void);
static void bdev_nvme_library_fini(void);
static int bdev_nvme_readv(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
			   struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
			   struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba,
			   uint32_t flags);
static int bdev_nvme_no_pi_readv(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
				 struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
				 struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba);
static int bdev_nvme_writev(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
			    struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
			    struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba,
			    uint32_t flags);
static int bdev_nvme_comparev(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
			      struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
			      struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba,
			      uint32_t flags);
static int bdev_nvme_comparev_and_writev(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns,
		struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		struct nvme_bdev_io *bio, struct iovec *cmp_iov, int cmp_iovcnt, struct iovec *write_iov,
		int write_iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba,
		uint32_t flags);
static int bdev_nvme_admin_passthru(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch,
				    struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
				    struct spdk_nvme_cmd *cmd, void *buf, size_t nbytes);
static int bdev_nvme_io_passthru(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
				 struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
				 struct spdk_nvme_cmd *cmd, void *buf, size_t nbytes);
static int bdev_nvme_io_passthru_md(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
				    struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
				    struct spdk_nvme_cmd *cmd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, void *md_buf, size_t md_len);
static int bdev_nvme_abort(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch,
			   struct nvme_bdev_io *bio, struct nvme_bdev_io *bio_to_abort);
static int bdev_nvme_reset(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch, struct nvme_bdev_io *bio);
static int bdev_nvme_failover(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, bool remove);
static void remove_cb(void *cb_ctx, struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr);

typedef void (*populate_namespace_fn)(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
				      struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns, struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx);
static void nvme_ctrlr_populate_standard_namespace(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
		struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns, struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx);

static populate_namespace_fn g_populate_namespace_fn[] = {
	NULL,
	nvme_ctrlr_populate_standard_namespace,
	bdev_ocssd_populate_namespace,
};

typedef void (*depopulate_namespace_fn)(struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns);
static void nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_standard_namespace(struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns);

static depopulate_namespace_fn g_depopulate_namespace_fn[] = {
	NULL,
	nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_standard_namespace,
	bdev_ocssd_depopulate_namespace,
};

typedef void (*config_json_namespace_fn)(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w,
		struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns);
static void nvme_ctrlr_config_json_standard_namespace(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w,
		struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns);

static config_json_namespace_fn g_config_json_namespace_fn[] = {
	NULL,
	nvme_ctrlr_config_json_standard_namespace,
	bdev_ocssd_namespace_config_json,
};

struct spdk_nvme_qpair *
bdev_nvme_get_io_qpair(struct spdk_io_channel *ctrlr_io_ch)
{
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch;

	assert(ctrlr_io_ch != NULL);

	nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(ctrlr_io_ch);

	return nvme_ch->qpair;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_get_ctx_size(void)
{
	return sizeof(struct nvme_bdev_io);
}

static struct spdk_bdev_module nvme_if = {
	.name = "nvme",
	.async_fini = true,
	.module_init = bdev_nvme_library_init,
	.module_fini = bdev_nvme_library_fini,
	.config_json = bdev_nvme_config_json,
	.get_ctx_size = bdev_nvme_get_ctx_size,

};
SPDK_BDEV_MODULE_REGISTER(nvme, &nvme_if)

static void
bdev_nvme_disconnected_qpair_cb(struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair, void *poll_group_ctx)
{
	int rc;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "qpair %p is disconnected, attempting reconnect.\n", qpair);
	/*
	 * Currently, just try to reconnect indefinitely. If we are doing a reset, the reset will
	 * reconnect a qpair and we will stop getting a callback for this one.
	 */
	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_reconnect_io_qpair(qpair);
	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_WARNLOG("Failed to reconnect to qpair %p, errno %d\n", qpair, -rc);
	}
}

static int
bdev_nvme_poll(void *arg)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_poll_group *group = arg;
	int64_t num_completions;

	if (group->collect_spin_stat && group->start_ticks == 0) {
		group->start_ticks = spdk_get_ticks();
	}

	num_completions = spdk_nvme_poll_group_process_completions(group->group, 0,
			  bdev_nvme_disconnected_qpair_cb);
	if (group->collect_spin_stat) {
		if (num_completions > 0) {
			if (group->end_ticks != 0) {
				group->spin_ticks += (group->end_ticks - group->start_ticks);
				group->end_ticks = 0;
			}
			group->start_ticks = 0;
		} else {
			group->end_ticks = spdk_get_ticks();
		}
	}

	return num_completions > 0 ? SPDK_POLLER_BUSY : SPDK_POLLER_IDLE;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_poll_adminq(void *arg)
{
	int32_t rc;
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = arg;

	assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr != NULL);

	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_process_admin_completions(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr);
	if (rc < 0) {
		bdev_nvme_failover(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, false);
	}

	return rc == 0 ? SPDK_POLLER_IDLE : SPDK_POLLER_BUSY;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_destruct(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *nvme_disk = ctx;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns = nvme_disk->nvme_ns;

	nvme_ns->bdev = NULL;

	nvme_bdev_ns_detach(nvme_ns);

	free(nvme_disk->disk.name);
	free(nvme_disk);

	return 0;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_flush(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		struct nvme_bdev_io *bio, uint64_t offset, uint64_t nbytes)
{
	spdk_bdev_io_complete(spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio), SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_SUCCESS);

	return 0;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_create_qpair(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr = nvme_ch->ctrlr->ctrlr;
	struct spdk_nvme_io_qpair_opts opts;
	int rc;

	spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_default_io_qpair_opts(ctrlr, &opts, sizeof(opts));
	opts.delay_cmd_submit = g_opts.delay_cmd_submit;
	opts.create_only = true;
	opts.io_queue_requests = spdk_max(g_opts.io_queue_requests, opts.io_queue_requests);
	g_opts.io_queue_requests = opts.io_queue_requests;

	nvme_ch->qpair = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_alloc_io_qpair(ctrlr, &opts, sizeof(opts));
	if (nvme_ch->qpair == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	assert(nvme_ch->group != NULL);

	rc = spdk_nvme_poll_group_add(nvme_ch->group->group, nvme_ch->qpair);
	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Unable to begin polling on NVMe Channel.\n");
		goto err;
	}

	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_connect_io_qpair(ctrlr, nvme_ch->qpair);
	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Unable to connect I/O qpair.\n");
		goto err;
	}

	return 0;

err:
	spdk_nvme_ctrlr_free_io_qpair(nvme_ch->qpair);

	return rc;
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_check_pending_destruct(struct spdk_io_channel_iter *i, int status)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_io_device(i);

	pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct_after_reset) {
		assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ref == 0 && nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct);
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

		spdk_thread_send_msg(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->thread, nvme_bdev_ctrlr_do_destruct,
				     nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	} else {
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	}
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_complete_pending_resets(struct spdk_io_channel_iter *i)
{
	struct spdk_io_channel *_ch = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_channel(i);
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(_ch);
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io;
	enum spdk_bdev_io_status status = SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

	/* A NULL ctx means success. */
	if (spdk_io_channel_iter_get_ctx(i) != NULL) {
		status = SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED;
	}

	while (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&nvme_ch->pending_resets)) {
		bdev_io = TAILQ_FIRST(&nvme_ch->pending_resets);
		TAILQ_REMOVE(&nvme_ch->pending_resets, bdev_io, module_link);
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, status);
	}

	spdk_for_each_channel_continue(i, 0);
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_reset_complete(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, int rc)
{
	/* we are using the for_each_channel cb_arg like a return code here. */
	/* If it's zero, we succeeded, otherwise, the reset failed. */
	void *cb_arg = NULL;
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr_trid *curr_trid;

	if (rc) {
		cb_arg = (void *)0x1;
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Resetting controller failed.\n");
	} else {
		SPDK_NOTICELOG("Resetting controller successful.\n");
	}

	pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->resetting = false;
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->failover_in_progress = false;

	curr_trid = TAILQ_FIRST(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids);
	assert(curr_trid != NULL);
	assert(&curr_trid->trid == nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid);

	curr_trid->is_failed = cb_arg != NULL ? true : false;

	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ref == 0 && nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct) {
		/* Destruct ctrlr after clearing pending resets. */
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct_after_reset = true;
	}

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

	/* Make sure we clear any pending resets before returning. */
	spdk_for_each_channel(nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
			      _bdev_nvme_complete_pending_resets,
			      cb_arg,
			      _bdev_nvme_check_pending_destruct);
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_reset_create_qpairs_done(struct spdk_io_channel_iter *i, int status)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_io_device(i);
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_ctx(i);
	int rc = SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

	if (status) {
		rc = SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED;
	}
	if (bio) {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio), rc);
	}
	_bdev_nvme_reset_complete(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, status);
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_reset_create_qpair(struct spdk_io_channel_iter *i)
{
	struct spdk_io_channel *_ch = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_channel(i);
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(_ch);
	int rc;

	rc = bdev_nvme_create_qpair(nvme_ch);

	spdk_for_each_channel_continue(i, rc);
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_reset_ctrlr(struct spdk_io_channel_iter *i, int status)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_io_device(i);
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_ctx(i);
	int rc;

	if (status) {
		rc = status;
		goto err;
	}

	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_reset(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr);
	if (rc != 0) {
		goto err;
	}

	/* Recreate all of the I/O queue pairs */
	spdk_for_each_channel(nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
			      _bdev_nvme_reset_create_qpair,
			      bio,
			      _bdev_nvme_reset_create_qpairs_done);
	return;

err:
	if (bio) {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio), SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
	}
	_bdev_nvme_reset_complete(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, rc);
}

static void
_bdev_nvme_reset_destroy_qpair(struct spdk_io_channel_iter *i)
{
	struct spdk_io_channel *ch = spdk_io_channel_iter_get_channel(i);
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(ch);
	int rc;

	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_free_io_qpair(nvme_ch->qpair);
	if (!rc) {
		nvme_ch->qpair = NULL;
	}

	spdk_for_each_channel_continue(i, rc);
}

static int
_bdev_nvme_reset(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, void *ctx)
{
	pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct) {
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->resetting) {
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		SPDK_NOTICELOG("Unable to perform reset, already in progress.\n");
		return -EAGAIN;
	}

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->resetting = true;

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

	/* First, delete all NVMe I/O queue pairs. */
	spdk_for_each_channel(nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
			      _bdev_nvme_reset_destroy_qpair,
			      ctx,
			      _bdev_nvme_reset_ctrlr);

	return 0;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_reset(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch, struct nvme_bdev_io *bio)
{
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);
	int rc;

	rc = _bdev_nvme_reset(nvme_ch->ctrlr, bio);
	if (rc == -EBUSY) {
		/* Don't bother resetting if the controller is in the process of being destructed. */
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
		return 0;
	} else if (rc == -EAGAIN) {
		/*
		 * Reset call is queued only if it is from the app framework. This is on purpose so that
		 * we don't interfere with the app framework reset strategy. i.e. we are deferring to the
		 * upper level. If they are in the middle of a reset, we won't try to schedule another one.
		 */
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&nvme_ch->pending_resets, bdev_io, module_link);
		return 0;
	} else {
		return rc;
	}
}

static int
bdev_nvme_failover(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, bool remove)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr_trid *curr_trid = NULL, *next_trid = NULL;
	int rc = 0;

	pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct) {
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		/* Don't bother resetting if the controller is in the process of being destructed. */
		return 0;
	}

	curr_trid = TAILQ_FIRST(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids);
	assert(curr_trid);
	assert(&curr_trid->trid == nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid);
	next_trid = TAILQ_NEXT(curr_trid, link);

	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->resetting) {
		if (next_trid && !nvme_bdev_ctrlr->failover_in_progress) {
			rc = -EAGAIN;
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		SPDK_NOTICELOG("Unable to perform reset, already in progress.\n");
		return rc;
	}

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->resetting = true;
	curr_trid->is_failed = true;

	if (next_trid) {
		assert(curr_trid->trid.trtype != SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE);

		SPDK_NOTICELOG("Start failover from %s:%s to %s:%s\n", curr_trid->trid.traddr,
			       curr_trid->trid.trsvcid,	next_trid->trid.traddr, next_trid->trid.trsvcid);

		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->failover_in_progress = true;
		spdk_nvme_ctrlr_fail(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr);
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid = &next_trid->trid;
		rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_set_trid(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr, &next_trid->trid);
		assert(rc == 0);
		TAILQ_REMOVE(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, curr_trid, link);
		if (!remove) {
			/** Shuffle the old trid to the end of the list and use the new one.
			 * Allows for round robin through multiple connections.
			 */
			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, curr_trid, link);
		} else {
			free(curr_trid);
		}
	}

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

	/* First, delete all NVMe I/O queue pairs. */
	spdk_for_each_channel(nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
			      _bdev_nvme_reset_destroy_qpair,
			      NULL,
			      _bdev_nvme_reset_ctrlr);

	return 0;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_unmap(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
		uint64_t offset_blocks,
		uint64_t num_blocks);

static void
bdev_nvme_get_buf_cb(struct spdk_io_channel *ch, struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io,
		     bool success)
{
	struct spdk_bdev *bdev = bdev_io->bdev;
	struct nvme_bdev *nbdev = (struct nvme_bdev *)bdev->ctxt;
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(ch);
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair;
	int ret;

	if (!success) {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
		return;
	}

	if (spdk_unlikely(!bdev_nvme_find_io_path(nbdev, nvme_ch, &nvme_ns, &qpair))) {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
		return;
	}

	ret = bdev_nvme_readv(nvme_ns->ns,
			      qpair,
			      (struct nvme_bdev_io *)bdev_io->driver_ctx,
			      bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs,
			      bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
			      bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
			      bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks,
			      bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
			      bdev->dif_check_flags);

	if (spdk_likely(ret == 0)) {
		return;
	} else if (ret == -ENOMEM) {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_NOMEM);
	} else {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
	}
}

static int
_bdev_nvme_submit_request(struct spdk_io_channel *ch, struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io)
{
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(ch);
	struct spdk_bdev *bdev = bdev_io->bdev;
	struct nvme_bdev *nbdev = (struct nvme_bdev *)bdev->ctxt;
	struct nvme_bdev_io *nbdev_io = (struct nvme_bdev_io *)bdev_io->driver_ctx;
	struct nvme_bdev_io *nbdev_io_to_abort;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair;

	if (spdk_unlikely(!bdev_nvme_find_io_path(nbdev, nvme_ch, &nvme_ns, &qpair))) {
		return -1;
	}

	switch (bdev_io->type) {
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_READ:
		if (bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs && bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs[0].iov_base) {
			return bdev_nvme_readv(nvme_ns->ns,
					       qpair,
					       nbdev_io,
					       bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs,
					       bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
					       bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
					       bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks,
					       bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
					       bdev->dif_check_flags);
		} else {
			spdk_bdev_io_get_buf(bdev_io, bdev_nvme_get_buf_cb,
					     bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks * bdev->blocklen);
			return 0;
		}

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_WRITE:
		return bdev_nvme_writev(nvme_ns->ns,
					qpair,
					nbdev_io,
					bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs,
					bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
					bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
					bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks,
					bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
					bdev->dif_check_flags);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_COMPARE:
		return bdev_nvme_comparev(nvme_ns->ns,
					  qpair,
					  nbdev_io,
					  bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs,
					  bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
					  bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
					  bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks,
					  bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
					  bdev->dif_check_flags);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_COMPARE_AND_WRITE:
		return bdev_nvme_comparev_and_writev(nvme_ns->ns,
						     qpair,
						     nbdev_io,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.fused_iovs,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.fused_iovcnt,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks,
						     bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
						     bdev->dif_check_flags);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_WRITE_ZEROES:
		return bdev_nvme_unmap(nvme_ns->ns,
				       qpair,
				       nbdev_io,
				       bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
				       bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_UNMAP:
		return bdev_nvme_unmap(nvme_ns->ns,
				       qpair,
				       nbdev_io,
				       bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
				       bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_RESET:
		return bdev_nvme_reset(nvme_ch, nbdev_io);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_FLUSH:
		return bdev_nvme_flush(nvme_ns->ns,
				       qpair,
				       nbdev_io,
				       bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks,
				       bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_NVME_ADMIN:
		return bdev_nvme_admin_passthru(nvme_ch,
						nbdev_io,
						&bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.cmd,
						bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.buf,
						bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.nbytes);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_NVME_IO:
		return bdev_nvme_io_passthru(nvme_ns->ns,
					     qpair,
					     nbdev_io,
					     &bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.cmd,
					     bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.buf,
					     bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.nbytes);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_NVME_IO_MD:
		return bdev_nvme_io_passthru_md(nvme_ns->ns,
						qpair,
						nbdev_io,
						&bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.cmd,
						bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.buf,
						bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.nbytes,
						bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.md_buf,
						bdev_io->u.nvme_passthru.md_len);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_ABORT:
		nbdev_io_to_abort = (struct nvme_bdev_io *)bdev_io->u.abort.bio_to_abort->driver_ctx;
		return bdev_nvme_abort(nvme_ch,
				       nbdev_io,
				       nbdev_io_to_abort);

	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void
bdev_nvme_submit_request(struct spdk_io_channel *ch, struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io)
{
	int rc = _bdev_nvme_submit_request(ch, bdev_io);

	if (spdk_unlikely(rc != 0)) {
		if (rc == -ENOMEM) {
			spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_NOMEM);
		} else {
			spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
		}
	}
}

static bool
bdev_nvme_io_type_supported(void *ctx, enum spdk_bdev_io_type io_type)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *nbdev = ctx;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr;
	const struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_data *cdata;

	nvme_ns = nvme_bdev_to_bdev_ns(nbdev);
	assert(nvme_ns != NULL);
	ns = nvme_ns->ns;
	ctrlr = spdk_nvme_ns_get_ctrlr(ns);

	switch (io_type) {
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_READ:
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_WRITE:
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_RESET:
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_FLUSH:
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_NVME_ADMIN:
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_NVME_IO:
	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_ABORT:
		return true;

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_COMPARE:
		return spdk_nvme_ns_supports_compare(ns);

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_NVME_IO_MD:
		return spdk_nvme_ns_get_md_size(ns) ? true : false;

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_UNMAP:
		cdata = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_data(ctrlr);
		return cdata->oncs.dsm;

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_WRITE_ZEROES:
		cdata = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_data(ctrlr);
		/*
		 * If an NVMe controller guarantees reading unallocated blocks returns zero,
		 * we can implement WRITE_ZEROES as an NVMe deallocate command.
		 */
		if (cdata->oncs.dsm &&
		    spdk_nvme_ns_get_dealloc_logical_block_read_value(ns) ==
		    SPDK_NVME_DEALLOC_READ_00) {
			return true;
		}
		/*
		 * The NVMe controller write_zeroes function is currently not used by our driver.
		 * If a user submits an arbitrarily large write_zeroes request to the controller, the request will fail.
		 * Until this is resolved, we only claim support for write_zeroes if deallocated blocks return 0's when read.
		 */
		return false;

	case SPDK_BDEV_IO_TYPE_COMPARE_AND_WRITE:
		if (spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_flags(ctrlr) &
		    SPDK_NVME_CTRLR_COMPARE_AND_WRITE_SUPPORTED) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;

	default:
		return false;
	}
}

static int
bdev_nvme_create_cb(void *io_device, void *ctx_buf)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = io_device;
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = ctx_buf;
	struct spdk_io_channel *pg_ch = NULL;
	int rc;

	if (spdk_nvme_ctrlr_is_ocssd_supported(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr)) {
		rc = bdev_ocssd_create_io_channel(nvme_ch);
		if (rc != 0) {
			return rc;
		}
	}

	pg_ch = spdk_get_io_channel(&g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs);
	if (!pg_ch) {
		rc = -1;
		goto err_pg_ch;
	}

	nvme_ch->group = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(pg_ch);

#ifdef SPDK_CONFIG_VTUNE
	nvme_ch->group->collect_spin_stat = true;
#else
	nvme_ch->group->collect_spin_stat = false;
#endif

	TAILQ_INIT(&nvme_ch->pending_resets);

	nvme_ch->ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr;

	rc = bdev_nvme_create_qpair(nvme_ch);
	if (rc != 0) {
		goto err_qpair;
	}

	return 0;

err_qpair:
	spdk_put_io_channel(pg_ch);
err_pg_ch:
	if (nvme_ch->ocssd_ch) {
		bdev_ocssd_destroy_io_channel(nvme_ch);
	}

	return rc;
}

static void
bdev_nvme_destroy_cb(void *io_device, void *ctx_buf)
{
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = ctx_buf;

	assert(nvme_ch->group != NULL);

	if (nvme_ch->ocssd_ch != NULL) {
		bdev_ocssd_destroy_io_channel(nvme_ch);
	}

	spdk_nvme_ctrlr_free_io_qpair(nvme_ch->qpair);

	spdk_put_io_channel(spdk_io_channel_from_ctx(nvme_ch->group));
}

static int
bdev_nvme_poll_group_create_cb(void *io_device, void *ctx_buf)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_poll_group *group = ctx_buf;

	group->group = spdk_nvme_poll_group_create(group, NULL);
	if (group->group == NULL) {
		return -1;
	}

	group->poller = SPDK_POLLER_REGISTER(bdev_nvme_poll, group, g_opts.nvme_ioq_poll_period_us);

	if (group->poller == NULL) {
		spdk_nvme_poll_group_destroy(group->group);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void
bdev_nvme_poll_group_destroy_cb(void *io_device, void *ctx_buf)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_poll_group *group = ctx_buf;

	spdk_poller_unregister(&group->poller);
	if (spdk_nvme_poll_group_destroy(group->group)) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Unable to destroy a poll group for the NVMe bdev module.");
		assert(false);
	}
}

static struct spdk_io_channel *
bdev_nvme_get_io_channel(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *nvme_bdev = ctx;

	return spdk_get_io_channel(nvme_bdev->nvme_ns->ctrlr);
}

static void *
bdev_nvme_get_module_ctx(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *nvme_bdev = ctx;

	return bdev_nvme_get_ctrlr(&nvme_bdev->disk);
}

static int
bdev_nvme_dump_info_json(void *ctx, struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *nvme_bdev = ctx;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr;
	const struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_data *cdata;
	const struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid;
	union spdk_nvme_vs_register vs;
	union spdk_nvme_csts_register csts;
	char buf[128];

	nvme_ns = nvme_bdev_to_bdev_ns(nvme_bdev);
	assert(nvme_ns != NULL);
	ns = nvme_ns->ns;
	ctrlr = spdk_nvme_ns_get_ctrlr(ns);

	cdata = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_data(ctrlr);
	trid = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_transport_id(ctrlr);
	vs = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_regs_vs(ctrlr);
	csts = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_regs_csts(ctrlr);

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "nvme");

	if (trid->trtype == SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE) {
		spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "pci_address", trid->traddr);
	}

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "trid");

	nvme_bdev_dump_trid_json(trid, w);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

#ifdef SPDK_CONFIG_NVME_CUSE
	size_t cuse_name_size = 128;
	char cuse_name[cuse_name_size];

	int rc = spdk_nvme_cuse_get_ns_name(ctrlr, spdk_nvme_ns_get_id(ns),
					    cuse_name, &cuse_name_size);
	if (rc == 0) {
		spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "cuse_device", cuse_name);
	}
#endif

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "ctrlr_data");

	spdk_json_write_named_string_fmt(w, "vendor_id", "0x%04x", cdata->vid);

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(cdata->mn) + 1, "%s", cdata->mn);
	spdk_str_trim(buf);
	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "model_number", buf);

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(cdata->sn) + 1, "%s", cdata->sn);
	spdk_str_trim(buf);
	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "serial_number", buf);

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(cdata->fr) + 1, "%s", cdata->fr);
	spdk_str_trim(buf);
	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "firmware_revision", buf);

	if (cdata->subnqn[0] != '\0') {
		spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "subnqn", cdata->subnqn);
	}

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "oacs");

	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "security", cdata->oacs.security);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "format", cdata->oacs.format);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "firmware", cdata->oacs.firmware);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "ns_manage", cdata->oacs.ns_manage);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "vs");

	spdk_json_write_name(w, "nvme_version");
	if (vs.bits.ter) {
		spdk_json_write_string_fmt(w, "%u.%u.%u", vs.bits.mjr, vs.bits.mnr, vs.bits.ter);
	} else {
		spdk_json_write_string_fmt(w, "%u.%u", vs.bits.mjr, vs.bits.mnr);
	}

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "csts");

	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "rdy", csts.bits.rdy);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "cfs", csts.bits.cfs);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "ns_data");

	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "id", spdk_nvme_ns_get_id(ns));

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	if (cdata->oacs.security) {
		spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "security");

		spdk_json_write_named_bool(w, "opal", nvme_bdev->opal);

		spdk_json_write_object_end(w);
	}

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	return 0;
}

static void
bdev_nvme_write_config_json(struct spdk_bdev *bdev, struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w)
{
	/* No config per bdev needed */
}

static uint64_t
bdev_nvme_get_spin_time(struct spdk_io_channel *ch)
{
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(ch);
	struct nvme_bdev_poll_group *group = nvme_ch->group;
	uint64_t spin_time;

	if (!group || !group->collect_spin_stat) {
		return 0;
	}

	if (group->end_ticks != 0) {
		group->spin_ticks += (group->end_ticks - group->start_ticks);
		group->end_ticks = 0;
	}

	spin_time = (group->spin_ticks * 1000000ULL) / spdk_get_ticks_hz();
	group->start_ticks = 0;
	group->spin_ticks = 0;

	return spin_time;
}

static const struct spdk_bdev_fn_table nvmelib_fn_table = {
	.destruct		= bdev_nvme_destruct,
	.submit_request		= bdev_nvme_submit_request,
	.io_type_supported	= bdev_nvme_io_type_supported,
	.get_io_channel		= bdev_nvme_get_io_channel,
	.dump_info_json		= bdev_nvme_dump_info_json,
	.write_config_json	= bdev_nvme_write_config_json,
	.get_spin_time		= bdev_nvme_get_spin_time,
	.get_module_ctx		= bdev_nvme_get_module_ctx,
};

static int
nvme_disk_create(struct spdk_bdev *disk, const char *base_name,
		 struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr, struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns,
		 uint32_t prchk_flags, void *ctx)
{
	const struct spdk_uuid		*uuid;
	const struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_data *cdata;
	const struct spdk_nvme_ns_data	*nsdata;
	int				rc;

	cdata = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_data(ctrlr);

	disk->name = spdk_sprintf_alloc("%sn%d", base_name, spdk_nvme_ns_get_id(ns));
	if (!disk->name) {
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	disk->product_name = "NVMe disk";

	disk->write_cache = 0;
	if (cdata->vwc.present) {
		/* Enable if the Volatile Write Cache exists */
		disk->write_cache = 1;
	}
	disk->blocklen = spdk_nvme_ns_get_extended_sector_size(ns);
	disk->blockcnt = spdk_nvme_ns_get_num_sectors(ns);
	disk->optimal_io_boundary = spdk_nvme_ns_get_optimal_io_boundary(ns);

	uuid = spdk_nvme_ns_get_uuid(ns);
	if (uuid != NULL) {
		disk->uuid = *uuid;
	}

	nsdata = spdk_nvme_ns_get_data(ns);

	disk->md_len = spdk_nvme_ns_get_md_size(ns);
	if (disk->md_len != 0) {
		disk->md_interleave = nsdata->flbas.extended;
		disk->dif_type = (enum spdk_dif_type)spdk_nvme_ns_get_pi_type(ns);
		if (disk->dif_type != SPDK_DIF_DISABLE) {
			disk->dif_is_head_of_md = nsdata->dps.md_start;
			disk->dif_check_flags = prchk_flags;
		}
	}

	if (!(spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_flags(ctrlr) &
	      SPDK_NVME_CTRLR_COMPARE_AND_WRITE_SUPPORTED)) {
		disk->acwu = 0;
	} else if (nsdata->nsfeat.ns_atomic_write_unit) {
		disk->acwu = nsdata->nacwu;
	} else {
		disk->acwu = cdata->acwu;
	}

	disk->ctxt = ctx;
	disk->fn_table = &nvmelib_fn_table;
	disk->module = &nvme_if;
	rc = spdk_bdev_register(disk);
	if (rc) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("spdk_bdev_register() failed\n");
		free(disk->name);
		return rc;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int
nvme_bdev_create(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *bdev;
	int rc;

	bdev = calloc(1, sizeof(*bdev));
	if (!bdev) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("bdev calloc() failed\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	bdev->nvme_ns = nvme_ns;
	bdev->opal = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->opal_dev != NULL;

	rc = nvme_disk_create(&bdev->disk, nvme_bdev_ctrlr->name, nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr,
			      nvme_ns->ns, nvme_bdev_ctrlr->prchk_flags, bdev);
	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to create NVMe disk\n");
		free(bdev);
		return rc;
	}

	nvme_ns->ref++;
	nvme_ns->bdev = bdev;

	return 0;
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_populate_standard_namespace(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
				       struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns, struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr	*ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr;
	struct spdk_nvme_ns	*ns;
	int			rc = 0;

	ns = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_ns(ctrlr, nvme_ns->id);
	if (!ns) {
		SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "Invalid NS %d\n", nvme_ns->id);
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto done;
	}

	nvme_ns->ns = ns;
	nvme_ns->ref = 1;

	rc = nvme_bdev_create(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, nvme_ns);
done:
	nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespace_done(ctx, nvme_ns, rc);
}

static bool
hotplug_probe_cb(void *cb_ctx, const struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid,
		 struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_opts *opts)
{
	struct nvme_probe_skip_entry *entry;

	TAILQ_FOREACH(entry, &g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs, tailq) {
		if (spdk_nvme_transport_id_compare(trid, &entry->trid) == 0) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	opts->arbitration_burst = (uint8_t)g_opts.arbitration_burst;
	opts->low_priority_weight = (uint8_t)g_opts.low_priority_weight;
	opts->medium_priority_weight = (uint8_t)g_opts.medium_priority_weight;
	opts->high_priority_weight = (uint8_t)g_opts.high_priority_weight;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "Attaching to %s\n", trid->traddr);

	return true;
}

static void
nvme_abort_cpl(void *ctx, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = ctx;

	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_error(cpl)) {
		SPDK_WARNLOG("Abort failed. Resetting controller.\n");
		_bdev_nvme_reset(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, NULL);
	}
}

static void
timeout_cb(void *cb_arg, struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr,
	   struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair, uint16_t cid)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = cb_arg;
	union spdk_nvme_csts_register csts;
	int rc;

	assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr == ctrlr);

	SPDK_WARNLOG("Warning: Detected a timeout. ctrlr=%p qpair=%p cid=%u\n", ctrlr, qpair, cid);

	/* Only try to read CSTS if it's a PCIe controller or we have a timeout on an I/O
	 * queue.  (Note: qpair == NULL when there's an admin cmd timeout.)  Otherwise we
	 * would submit another fabrics cmd on the admin queue to read CSTS and check for its
	 * completion recursively.
	 */
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid->trtype == SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE || qpair != NULL) {
		csts = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_regs_csts(ctrlr);
		if (csts.bits.cfs) {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Controller Fatal Status, reset required\n");
			_bdev_nvme_reset(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, NULL);
			return;
		}
	}

	switch (g_opts.action_on_timeout) {
	case SPDK_BDEV_NVME_TIMEOUT_ACTION_ABORT:
		if (qpair) {
			rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_cmd_abort(ctrlr, qpair, cid,
						       nvme_abort_cpl, nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
			if (rc == 0) {
				return;
			}

			SPDK_ERRLOG("Unable to send abort. Resetting.\n");
		}

	/* FALLTHROUGH */
	case SPDK_BDEV_NVME_TIMEOUT_ACTION_RESET:
		_bdev_nvme_reset(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, NULL);
		break;
	case SPDK_BDEV_NVME_TIMEOUT_ACTION_NONE:
		SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "No action for nvme controller timeout.\n");
		break;
	default:
		SPDK_ERRLOG("An invalid timeout action value is found.\n");
		break;
	}
}

void
nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespace_done(struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns)
{
	nvme_bdev_ns_detach(nvme_ns);
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_standard_namespace(struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns)
{
	struct nvme_bdev *bdev;

	bdev = nvme_bdev_ns_to_bdev(nvme_ns);
	if (bdev != NULL) {
		spdk_bdev_unregister(&bdev->disk, NULL, NULL);
	}

	nvme_ns->populated = false;

	nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespace_done(nvme_ns);
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespace(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *ctrlr, struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns,
			      struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx)
{
	g_populate_namespace_fn[nvme_ns->type](ctrlr, nvme_ns, ctx);
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespace(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *ctrlr, struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns)
{
	g_depopulate_namespace_fn[nvme_ns->type](nvme_ns);
}

void
nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespace_done(struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx,
				   struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns, int rc)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = nvme_ns->ctrlr;

	assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr != NULL);

	if (rc == 0) {
		nvme_ns->populated = true;
		pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ref++;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	} else {
		memset(nvme_ns, 0, sizeof(*nvme_ns));
	}

	if (ctx) {
		ctx->populates_in_progress--;
		if (ctx->populates_in_progress == 0) {
			nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces_done(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, ctx);
		}
	}
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
			       struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr	*ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns	*nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_ns	*ns;
	struct nvme_bdev	*bdev;
	uint32_t		i;
	int			rc;
	uint64_t		num_sectors;
	bool			ns_is_active;

	if (ctx) {
		/* Initialize this count to 1 to handle the populate functions
		 * calling nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespace_done() immediately.
		 */
		ctx->populates_in_progress = 1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns; i++) {
		uint32_t	nsid = i + 1;

		nvme_ns = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[i];
		ns_is_active = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_is_active_ns(ctrlr, nsid);

		if (nvme_ns->populated && ns_is_active && nvme_ns->type == NVME_BDEV_NS_STANDARD) {
			/* NS is still there but attributes may have changed */
			ns = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_ns(ctrlr, nsid);
			num_sectors = spdk_nvme_ns_get_num_sectors(ns);
			bdev = nvme_bdev_ns_to_bdev(nvme_ns);
			assert(bdev != NULL);
			if (bdev->disk.blockcnt != num_sectors) {
				SPDK_NOTICELOG("NSID %u is resized: bdev name %s, old size %" PRIu64 ", new size %" PRIu64 "\n",
					       nsid,
					       bdev->disk.name,
					       bdev->disk.blockcnt,
					       num_sectors);
				rc = spdk_bdev_notify_blockcnt_change(&bdev->disk, num_sectors);
				if (rc != 0) {
					SPDK_ERRLOG("Could not change num blocks for nvme bdev: name %s, errno: %d.\n",
						    bdev->disk.name, rc);
				}
			}
		}

		if (!nvme_ns->populated && ns_is_active) {
			nvme_ns->id = nsid;
			nvme_ns->ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
			if (spdk_nvme_ctrlr_is_ocssd_supported(ctrlr)) {
				nvme_ns->type = NVME_BDEV_NS_OCSSD;
			} else {
				nvme_ns->type = NVME_BDEV_NS_STANDARD;
			}

			nvme_ns->bdev = NULL;

			if (ctx) {
				ctx->populates_in_progress++;
			}
			nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespace(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, nvme_ns, ctx);
		}

		if (nvme_ns->populated && !ns_is_active) {
			nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespace(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, nvme_ns);
		}
	}

	if (ctx) {
		/* Decrement this count now that the loop is over to account
		 * for the one we started with.  If the count is then 0, we
		 * know any populate_namespace functions completed immediately,
		 * so we'll kick the callback here.
		 */
		ctx->populates_in_progress--;
		if (ctx->populates_in_progress == 0) {
			nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces_done(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, ctx);
		}
	}

}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespaces(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr)
{
	uint32_t i;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns;

	for (i = 0; i < nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns; i++) {
		uint32_t nsid = i + 1;

		nvme_ns = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[nsid - 1];
		if (nvme_ns->populated) {
			assert(nvme_ns->id == nsid);
			nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespace(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, nvme_ns);
		}
	}
}

static void
aer_cb(void *arg, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr		= arg;
	union spdk_nvme_async_event_completion	event;

	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_error(cpl)) {
		SPDK_WARNLOG("AER request execute failed");
		return;
	}

	event.raw = cpl->cdw0;
	if ((event.bits.async_event_type == SPDK_NVME_ASYNC_EVENT_TYPE_NOTICE) &&
	    (event.bits.async_event_info == SPDK_NVME_ASYNC_EVENT_NS_ATTR_CHANGED)) {
		nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, NULL);
	} else if ((event.bits.async_event_type == SPDK_NVME_ASYNC_EVENT_TYPE_VENDOR) &&
		   (event.bits.log_page_identifier == SPDK_OCSSD_LOG_CHUNK_NOTIFICATION) &&
		   spdk_nvme_ctrlr_is_ocssd_supported(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr)) {
		bdev_ocssd_handle_chunk_notification(nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	}
}

static int
nvme_bdev_ctrlr_create(struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr,
		       const char *name,
		       const struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid,
		       uint32_t prchk_flags,
		       struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr **_nvme_bdev_ctrlr)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr_trid *trid_entry;
	uint32_t i;
	int rc;

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr = calloc(1, sizeof(*nvme_bdev_ctrlr));
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr == NULL) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to allocate device struct\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	rc = pthread_mutex_init(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex, NULL);
	if (rc != 0) {
		goto err_init_mutex;
	}

	TAILQ_INIT(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids);
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_num_ns(ctrlr);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns != 0) {
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces = calloc(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns, sizeof(struct nvme_bdev_ns *));
		if (!nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces) {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to allocate block namespaces pointer\n");
			rc = -ENOMEM;
			goto err_alloc_namespaces;
		}
	}

	trid_entry = calloc(1, sizeof(*trid_entry));
	if (trid_entry == NULL) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to allocate trid entry pointer\n");
		rc = -ENOMEM;
		goto err_alloc_trid;
	}

	trid_entry->trid = *trid;

	for (i = 0; i < nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns; i++) {
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[i] = calloc(1, sizeof(struct nvme_bdev_ns));
		if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[i] == NULL) {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to allocate block namespace struct\n");
			rc = -ENOMEM;
			goto err_alloc_namespace;
		}
	}

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->thread = spdk_get_thread();
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->adminq_timer_poller = NULL;
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr = ctrlr;
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ref = 1;
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid = &trid_entry->trid;
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->name = strdup(name);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->name == NULL) {
		rc = -ENOMEM;
		goto err_alloc_name;
	}

	if (spdk_nvme_ctrlr_is_ocssd_supported(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr)) {
		rc = bdev_ocssd_init_ctrlr(nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
		if (spdk_unlikely(rc != 0)) {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Unable to initialize OCSSD controller\n");
			goto err_init_ocssd;
		}
	}

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->prchk_flags = prchk_flags;

	spdk_io_device_register(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, bdev_nvme_create_cb, bdev_nvme_destroy_cb,
				sizeof(struct nvme_io_channel),
				name);

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->adminq_timer_poller = SPDK_POLLER_REGISTER(bdev_nvme_poll_adminq, nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
					       g_opts.nvme_adminq_poll_period_us);

	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs, nvme_bdev_ctrlr, tailq);

	if (g_opts.timeout_us > 0) {
		spdk_nvme_ctrlr_register_timeout_callback(ctrlr, g_opts.timeout_us,
				timeout_cb, nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	}

	spdk_nvme_ctrlr_register_aer_callback(ctrlr, aer_cb, nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	spdk_nvme_ctrlr_set_remove_cb(ctrlr, remove_cb, nvme_bdev_ctrlr);

	if (spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_flags(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr) &
	    SPDK_NVME_CTRLR_SECURITY_SEND_RECV_SUPPORTED) {
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->opal_dev = spdk_opal_dev_construct(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->ctrlr);
		if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->opal_dev == NULL) {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to initialize Opal\n");
		}
	}

	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, trid_entry, link);

	if (_nvme_bdev_ctrlr != NULL) {
		*_nvme_bdev_ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
	}
	return 0;

err_init_ocssd:
	free(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->name);
err_alloc_name:
err_alloc_namespace:
	for (; i > 0; i--) {
		free(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[i - 1]);
	}
	free(trid_entry);
err_alloc_trid:
	free(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces);
err_alloc_namespaces:
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
err_init_mutex:
	free(nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	return rc;
}

static void
attach_cb(void *cb_ctx, const struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid,
	  struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr, const struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_opts *opts)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
	struct nvme_probe_ctx *ctx = cb_ctx;
	char *name = NULL;
	uint32_t prchk_flags = 0;
	size_t i;
	int rc;

	if (ctx) {
		for (i = 0; i < ctx->count; i++) {
			if (spdk_nvme_transport_id_compare(trid, &ctx->trids[i]) == 0) {
				prchk_flags = ctx->prchk_flags[i];
				name = strdup(ctx->names[i]);
				break;
			}
		}
	} else {
		name = spdk_sprintf_alloc("HotInNvme%d", g_hot_insert_nvme_controller_index++);
	}
	if (!name) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to assign name to NVMe device\n");
		return;
	}

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "Attached to %s (%s)\n", trid->traddr, name);

	rc = nvme_bdev_ctrlr_create(ctrlr, name, trid, prchk_flags, &nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to create new NVMe controller\n");
		free(name);
		return;
	}

	nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, NULL);

	free(name);
}

static void
_nvme_bdev_ctrlr_destruct(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = ctx;

	nvme_ctrlr_depopulate_namespaces(nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	nvme_bdev_ctrlr_destruct(nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
}

static int
_bdev_nvme_delete(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, bool hotplug)
{
	struct nvme_probe_skip_entry *entry;

	pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

	/* The controller's destruction was already started */
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct) {
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		return 0;
	}

	if (!hotplug &&
	    nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid->trtype == SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE) {
		entry = calloc(1, sizeof(*entry));
		if (!entry) {
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
			return -ENOMEM;
		}
		entry->trid = *nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid;
		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs, entry, tailq);
	}

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct = true;
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

	_nvme_bdev_ctrlr_destruct(nvme_bdev_ctrlr);

	return 0;
}

static void
remove_cb(void *cb_ctx, struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr = cb_ctx;

	_bdev_nvme_delete(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, true);
}

static int
bdev_nvme_hotplug_probe(void *arg)
{
	if (spdk_nvme_probe_poll_async(g_hotplug_probe_ctx) != -EAGAIN) {
		g_hotplug_probe_ctx = NULL;
		spdk_poller_unregister(&g_hotplug_probe_poller);
	}

	return SPDK_POLLER_BUSY;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_hotplug(void *arg)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_transport_id trid_pcie;

	if (g_hotplug_probe_ctx) {
		return SPDK_POLLER_BUSY;
	}

	memset(&trid_pcie, 0, sizeof(trid_pcie));
	spdk_nvme_trid_populate_transport(&trid_pcie, SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE);

	g_hotplug_probe_ctx = spdk_nvme_probe_async(&trid_pcie, NULL,
			      hotplug_probe_cb, attach_cb, NULL);

	if (g_hotplug_probe_ctx) {
		assert(g_hotplug_probe_poller == NULL);
		g_hotplug_probe_poller = SPDK_POLLER_REGISTER(bdev_nvme_hotplug_probe, NULL, 1000);
	}

	return SPDK_POLLER_BUSY;
}

void
bdev_nvme_get_opts(struct spdk_bdev_nvme_opts *opts)
{
	*opts = g_opts;
}

int
bdev_nvme_set_opts(const struct spdk_bdev_nvme_opts *opts)
{
	if (g_bdev_nvme_init_thread != NULL) {
		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs)) {
			return -EPERM;
		}
	}

	g_opts = *opts;

	return 0;
}

struct set_nvme_hotplug_ctx {
	uint64_t period_us;
	bool enabled;
	spdk_msg_fn fn;
	void *fn_ctx;
};

static void
set_nvme_hotplug_period_cb(void *_ctx)
{
	struct set_nvme_hotplug_ctx *ctx = _ctx;

	spdk_poller_unregister(&g_hotplug_poller);
	if (ctx->enabled) {
		g_hotplug_poller = SPDK_POLLER_REGISTER(bdev_nvme_hotplug, NULL, ctx->period_us);
	}

	g_nvme_hotplug_poll_period_us = ctx->period_us;
	g_nvme_hotplug_enabled = ctx->enabled;
	if (ctx->fn) {
		ctx->fn(ctx->fn_ctx);
	}

	free(ctx);
}

int
bdev_nvme_set_hotplug(bool enabled, uint64_t period_us, spdk_msg_fn cb, void *cb_ctx)
{
	struct set_nvme_hotplug_ctx *ctx;

	if (enabled == true && !spdk_process_is_primary()) {
		return -EPERM;
	}

	ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(*ctx));
	if (ctx == NULL) {
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	period_us = period_us == 0 ? NVME_HOTPLUG_POLL_PERIOD_DEFAULT : period_us;
	ctx->period_us = spdk_min(period_us, NVME_HOTPLUG_POLL_PERIOD_MAX);
	ctx->enabled = enabled;
	ctx->fn = cb;
	ctx->fn_ctx = cb_ctx;

	spdk_thread_send_msg(g_bdev_nvme_init_thread, set_nvme_hotplug_period_cb, ctx);
	return 0;
}

static void
populate_namespaces_cb(struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx, size_t count, int rc)
{
	if (ctx->cb_fn) {
		ctx->cb_fn(ctx->cb_ctx, count, rc);
	}

	ctx->namespaces_populated = true;
	if (ctx->probe_done) {
		/* The probe was already completed, so we need to free the context
		 * here.  This can happen for cases like OCSSD, where we need to
		 * send additional commands to the SSD after attach.
		 */
		free(ctx);
	}
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces_done(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr,
				    struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ns	*nvme_ns;
	struct nvme_bdev	*nvme_bdev;
	uint32_t		i, nsid;
	size_t			j;

	assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr != NULL);

	/*
	 * Report the new bdevs that were created in this call.
	 * There can be more than one bdev per NVMe controller.
	 */
	j = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns; i++) {
		nsid = i + 1;
		nvme_ns = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[nsid - 1];
		if (!nvme_ns->populated) {
			continue;
		}
		assert(nvme_ns->id == nsid);
		nvme_bdev = nvme_bdev_ns_to_bdev(nvme_ns);
		if (nvme_bdev == NULL) {
			assert(nvme_ns->type == NVME_BDEV_NS_OCSSD);
			continue;
		}
		if (j < ctx->count) {
			ctx->names[j] = nvme_bdev->disk.name;
			j++;
		} else {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Maximum number of namespaces supported per NVMe controller is %du. Unable to return all names of created bdevs\n",
				    ctx->count);
			populate_namespaces_cb(ctx, 0, -ERANGE);
			return;
		}
	}

	populate_namespaces_cb(ctx, j, 0);
}

static bool
bdev_nvme_compare_ns(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns1, struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns2)
{
	const struct spdk_nvme_ns_data *nsdata1, *nsdata2;

	nsdata1 = spdk_nvme_ns_get_data(ns1);
	nsdata2 = spdk_nvme_ns_get_data(ns2);

	return memcmp(nsdata1->nguid, nsdata2->nguid, sizeof(nsdata1->nguid));
}

static int
bdev_nvme_add_trid(struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *new_ctrlr,
		   struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid)
{
	uint32_t			i, nsid;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns		*nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_ns		*new_ns;
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr_trid	*new_trid, *tmp_trid;
	int				rc = 0;

	assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr != NULL);

	if (trid->trtype == SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("PCIe failover is not supported.\n");
		return -ENOTSUP;
	}

	pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

	/* Currently we only support failover to the same transport type. */
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid->trtype != trid->trtype) {
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto exit;
	}

	/* Currently we only support failover to the same NQN. */
	if (strncmp(trid->subnqn, nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid->subnqn, SPDK_NVMF_NQN_MAX_LEN)) {
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto exit;
	}

	/* Skip all the other checks if we've already registered this path. */
	TAILQ_FOREACH(new_trid, &nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, link) {
		if (!spdk_nvme_transport_id_compare(&new_trid->trid, trid)) {
			rc = -EEXIST;
			goto exit;
		}
	}

	if (spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_num_ns(new_ctrlr) != nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns) {
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto exit;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns; i++) {
		nsid = i + 1;

		nvme_ns = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[i];
		if (!nvme_ns->populated) {
			continue;
		}

		new_ns = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_ns(new_ctrlr, nsid);
		assert(new_ns != NULL);

		if (bdev_nvme_compare_ns(nvme_ns->ns, new_ns) != 0) {
			rc = -EINVAL;
			goto exit;
		}
	}

	new_trid = calloc(1, sizeof(*new_trid));
	if (new_trid == NULL) {
		rc = -ENOMEM;
		goto exit;
	}
	new_trid->trid = *trid;
	new_trid->is_failed = false;

	TAILQ_FOREACH(tmp_trid, &nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, link) {
		if (tmp_trid->is_failed) {
			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(tmp_trid, new_trid, link);
			goto exit;
		}
	}

	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, new_trid, link);

exit:
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
	return rc;
}

static void
connect_attach_cb(void *cb_ctx, const struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid,
		  struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr, const struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_opts *opts)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_opts *user_opts = cb_ctx;
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr	*nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
	struct nvme_async_probe_ctx *ctx;
	int rc;

	ctx = SPDK_CONTAINEROF(user_opts, struct nvme_async_probe_ctx, opts);
	ctx->ctrlr_attached = true;

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr_get_by_name(ctx->base_name);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr) {
		/* This is the case that a secondary path is added to an existing
		 * nvme_bdev_ctrlr for failover. After checking if it can access the same
		 * namespaces as the primary path, it is disconnected until failover occurs.
		 */
		rc = bdev_nvme_add_trid(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, ctrlr, &ctx->trid);

		spdk_nvme_detach(ctrlr);
		goto exit;
	}

	rc = nvme_bdev_ctrlr_create(ctrlr, ctx->base_name, &ctx->trid, ctx->prchk_flags,
				    &nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	if (rc) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to create new device\n");
		goto exit;
	}

	nvme_ctrlr_populate_namespaces(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, ctx);
	return;

exit:
	populate_namespaces_cb(ctx, 0, rc);
}

static int
bdev_nvme_async_poll(void *arg)
{
	struct nvme_async_probe_ctx	*ctx = arg;
	int				rc;

	rc = spdk_nvme_probe_poll_async(ctx->probe_ctx);
	if (spdk_unlikely(rc != -EAGAIN)) {
		ctx->probe_done = true;
		spdk_poller_unregister(&ctx->poller);
		if (!ctx->ctrlr_attached) {
			/* The probe is done, but no controller was attached.
			 * That means we had a failure, so report -EIO back to
			 * the caller (usually the RPC). populate_namespaces_cb()
			 * will take care of freeing the nvme_async_probe_ctx.
			 */
			populate_namespaces_cb(ctx, 0, -EIO);
		} else if (ctx->namespaces_populated) {
			/* The namespaces for the attached controller were all
			 * populated and the response was already sent to the
			 * caller (usually the RPC).  So free the context here.
			 */
			free(ctx);
		}
	}

	return SPDK_POLLER_BUSY;
}

int
bdev_nvme_create(struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid,
		 struct spdk_nvme_host_id *hostid,
		 const char *base_name,
		 const char **names,
		 uint32_t count,
		 const char *hostnqn,
		 uint32_t prchk_flags,
		 spdk_bdev_create_nvme_fn cb_fn,
		 void *cb_ctx,
		 struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr_opts *opts)
{
	struct nvme_probe_skip_entry	*entry, *tmp;
	struct nvme_async_probe_ctx	*ctx;

	/* TODO expand this check to include both the host and target TRIDs.
	 * Only if both are the same should we fail.
	 */
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr_get(trid) != NULL) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("A controller with the provided trid (traddr: %s) already exists.\n", trid->traddr);
		return -EEXIST;
	}

	ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(*ctx));
	if (!ctx) {
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	ctx->base_name = base_name;
	ctx->names = names;
	ctx->count = count;
	ctx->cb_fn = cb_fn;
	ctx->cb_ctx = cb_ctx;
	ctx->prchk_flags = prchk_flags;
	ctx->trid = *trid;

	if (trid->trtype == SPDK_NVME_TRANSPORT_PCIE) {
		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(entry, &g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs, tailq, tmp) {
			if (spdk_nvme_transport_id_compare(trid, &entry->trid) == 0) {
				TAILQ_REMOVE(&g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs, entry, tailq);
				free(entry);
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	if (opts) {
		memcpy(&ctx->opts, opts, sizeof(*opts));
	} else {
		spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_default_ctrlr_opts(&ctx->opts, sizeof(ctx->opts));
	}

	ctx->opts.transport_retry_count = g_opts.retry_count;
	ctx->opts.keep_alive_timeout_ms = g_opts.keep_alive_timeout_ms;

	if (hostnqn) {
		snprintf(ctx->opts.hostnqn, sizeof(ctx->opts.hostnqn), "%s", hostnqn);
	}

	if (hostid->hostaddr[0] != '\0') {
		snprintf(ctx->opts.src_addr, sizeof(ctx->opts.src_addr), "%s", hostid->hostaddr);
	}

	if (hostid->hostsvcid[0] != '\0') {
		snprintf(ctx->opts.src_svcid, sizeof(ctx->opts.src_svcid), "%s", hostid->hostsvcid);
	}

	ctx->probe_ctx = spdk_nvme_connect_async(trid, &ctx->opts, connect_attach_cb);
	if (ctx->probe_ctx == NULL) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("No controller was found with provided trid (traddr: %s)\n", trid->traddr);
		free(ctx);
		return -ENODEV;
	}
	ctx->poller = SPDK_POLLER_REGISTER(bdev_nvme_async_poll, ctx, 1000);

	return 0;
}

int
bdev_nvme_delete(const char *name, const struct spdk_nvme_transport_id *trid)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr		*nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr_trid	*ctrlr_trid, *tmp_trid;

	if (name == NULL) {
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	nvme_bdev_ctrlr = nvme_bdev_ctrlr_get_by_name(name);
	if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr == NULL) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Failed to find NVMe controller\n");
		return -ENODEV;
	}

	/* case 1: remove the controller itself. */
	if (trid == NULL) {
		return _bdev_nvme_delete(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, false);
	}

	/* case 2: we are currently using the path to be removed. */
	if (!spdk_nvme_transport_id_compare(trid, nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid)) {
		ctrlr_trid = TAILQ_FIRST(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids);
		assert(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid == &ctrlr_trid->trid);
		/* case 2A: the current path is the only path. */
		if (!TAILQ_NEXT(ctrlr_trid, link)) {
			return _bdev_nvme_delete(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, false);
		}

		/* case 1B: there is an alternative path. */
		return bdev_nvme_failover(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, true);
	}
	/* case 3: We are not using the specified path. */
	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(ctrlr_trid, &nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, link, tmp_trid) {
		if (!spdk_nvme_transport_id_compare(&ctrlr_trid->trid, trid)) {
			TAILQ_REMOVE(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->trids, ctrlr_trid, link);
			free(ctrlr_trid);
			return 0;
		}
	}

	/* case 3A: The address isn't even in the registered list. */
	return -ENXIO;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_library_init(void)
{
	g_bdev_nvme_init_thread = spdk_get_thread();

	spdk_io_device_register(&g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs, bdev_nvme_poll_group_create_cb,
				bdev_nvme_poll_group_destroy_cb,
				sizeof(struct nvme_bdev_poll_group),  "bdev_nvme_poll_groups");

	return 0;
}

static void
bdev_nvme_library_fini(void)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr, *tmp;
	struct nvme_probe_skip_entry *entry, *entry_tmp;

	spdk_poller_unregister(&g_hotplug_poller);
	free(g_hotplug_probe_ctx);

	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(entry, &g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs, tailq, entry_tmp) {
		TAILQ_REMOVE(&g_skipped_nvme_ctrlrs, entry, tailq);
		free(entry);
	}

	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_bdev_nvme_mutex);
	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, &g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs, tailq, tmp) {
		pthread_mutex_lock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
		if (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct) {
			/* This controller's destruction was already started
			 * before the application started shutting down
			 */
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);
			continue;
		}
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr->destruct = true;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&nvme_bdev_ctrlr->mutex);

		spdk_thread_send_msg(nvme_bdev_ctrlr->thread, _nvme_bdev_ctrlr_destruct,
				     nvme_bdev_ctrlr);
	}

	g_bdev_nvme_module_finish = true;
	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs)) {
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_bdev_nvme_mutex);
		spdk_io_device_unregister(&g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs, NULL);
		spdk_bdev_module_finish_done();
		return;
	}

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_bdev_nvme_mutex);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_verify_pi_error(struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io)
{
	struct spdk_bdev *bdev = bdev_io->bdev;
	struct spdk_dif_ctx dif_ctx;
	struct spdk_dif_error err_blk = {};
	int rc;

	rc = spdk_dif_ctx_init(&dif_ctx,
			       bdev->blocklen, bdev->md_len, bdev->md_interleave,
			       bdev->dif_is_head_of_md, bdev->dif_type, bdev->dif_check_flags,
			       bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks, 0, 0, 0, 0);
	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Initialization of DIF context failed\n");
		return;
	}

	if (bdev->md_interleave) {
		rc = spdk_dif_verify(bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs, bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
				     bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks, &dif_ctx, &err_blk);
	} else {
		struct iovec md_iov = {
			.iov_base	= bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
			.iov_len	= bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks * bdev->md_len,
		};

		rc = spdk_dix_verify(bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs, bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
				     &md_iov, bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks, &dif_ctx, &err_blk);
	}

	if (rc != 0) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("DIF error detected. type=%d, offset=%" PRIu32 "\n",
			    err_blk.err_type, err_blk.err_offset);
	} else {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Hardware reported PI error but SPDK could not find any.\n");
	}
}

static void
bdev_nvme_no_pi_readv_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);

	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_success(cpl)) {
		/* Run PI verification for read data buffer. */
		bdev_nvme_verify_pi_error(bdev_io);
	}

	/* Return original completion status */
	spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, bio->cpl.cdw0, bio->cpl.status.sct,
					  bio->cpl.status.sc);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_readv_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);
	struct nvme_bdev *nbdev = (struct nvme_bdev *)bdev_io->bdev->ctxt;
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch;
	struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns;
	struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair;
	int ret;

	if (spdk_unlikely(spdk_nvme_cpl_is_pi_error(cpl))) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("readv completed with PI error (sct=%d, sc=%d)\n",
			    cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);

		/* Save completion status to use after verifying PI error. */
		bio->cpl = *cpl;

		nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(spdk_bdev_io_get_io_channel(bdev_io));

		if (spdk_likely(bdev_nvme_find_io_path(nbdev, nvme_ch, &nvme_ns, &qpair))) {
			/* Read without PI checking to verify PI error. */
			ret = bdev_nvme_no_pi_readv(nvme_ns->ns,
						    qpair,
						    bio,
						    bdev_io->u.bdev.iovs,
						    bdev_io->u.bdev.iovcnt,
						    bdev_io->u.bdev.md_buf,
						    bdev_io->u.bdev.num_blocks,
						    bdev_io->u.bdev.offset_blocks);
			if (ret == 0) {
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, cpl->cdw0, cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_writev_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx((struct nvme_bdev_io *)ref);

	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_pi_error(cpl)) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("writev completed with PI error (sct=%d, sc=%d)\n",
			    cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
		/* Run PI verification for write data buffer if PI error is detected. */
		bdev_nvme_verify_pi_error(bdev_io);
	}

	spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, cpl->cdw0, cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_comparev_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx((struct nvme_bdev_io *)ref);

	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_pi_error(cpl)) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("comparev completed with PI error (sct=%d, sc=%d)\n",
			    cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
		/* Run PI verification for compare data buffer if PI error is detected. */
		bdev_nvme_verify_pi_error(bdev_io);
	}

	spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, cpl->cdw0, cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_comparev_and_writev_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);

	/* Compare operation completion */
	if ((cpl->cdw0 & 0xFF) == SPDK_NVME_OPC_COMPARE) {
		/* Save compare result for write callback */
		bio->cpl = *cpl;
		return;
	}

	/* Write operation completion */
	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_error(&bio->cpl)) {
		/* If bio->cpl is already an error, it means the compare operation failed.  In that case,
		 * complete the IO with the compare operation's status.
		 */
		if (!spdk_nvme_cpl_is_error(cpl)) {
			SPDK_ERRLOG("Unexpected write success after compare failure.\n");
		}

		spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, bio->cpl.cdw0, bio->cpl.status.sct, bio->cpl.status.sc);
	} else {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, cpl->cdw0, cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
	}
}

static void
bdev_nvme_queued_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx((struct nvme_bdev_io *)ref);

	spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io, cpl->cdw0, cpl->status.sct, cpl->status.sc);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_admin_passthru_completion(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ctx;
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);

	spdk_bdev_io_complete_nvme_status(bdev_io,
					  bio->cpl.cdw0, bio->cpl.status.sct, bio->cpl.status.sc);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_abort_completion(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ctx;
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);

	if (spdk_nvme_cpl_is_abort_success(&bio->cpl)) {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_SUCCESS);
	} else {
		spdk_bdev_io_complete(bdev_io, SPDK_BDEV_IO_STATUS_FAILED);
	}
}

static void
bdev_nvme_abort_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;

	bio->cpl = *cpl;
	spdk_thread_send_msg(bio->orig_thread, bdev_nvme_abort_completion, bio);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_admin_passthru_done(void *ref, const struct spdk_nvme_cpl *cpl)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;

	bio->cpl = *cpl;
	spdk_thread_send_msg(bio->orig_thread, bdev_nvme_admin_passthru_completion, bio);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_queued_reset_sgl(void *ref, uint32_t sgl_offset)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct iovec *iov;

	bio->iov_offset = sgl_offset;
	for (bio->iovpos = 0; bio->iovpos < bio->iovcnt; bio->iovpos++) {
		iov = &bio->iovs[bio->iovpos];
		if (bio->iov_offset < iov->iov_len) {
			break;
		}

		bio->iov_offset -= iov->iov_len;
	}
}

static int
bdev_nvme_queued_next_sge(void *ref, void **address, uint32_t *length)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct iovec *iov;

	assert(bio->iovpos < bio->iovcnt);

	iov = &bio->iovs[bio->iovpos];

	*address = iov->iov_base;
	*length = iov->iov_len;

	if (bio->iov_offset) {
		assert(bio->iov_offset <= iov->iov_len);
		*address += bio->iov_offset;
		*length -= bio->iov_offset;
	}

	bio->iov_offset += *length;
	if (bio->iov_offset == iov->iov_len) {
		bio->iovpos++;
		bio->iov_offset = 0;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void
bdev_nvme_queued_reset_fused_sgl(void *ref, uint32_t sgl_offset)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct iovec *iov;

	bio->fused_iov_offset = sgl_offset;
	for (bio->fused_iovpos = 0; bio->fused_iovpos < bio->fused_iovcnt; bio->fused_iovpos++) {
		iov = &bio->fused_iovs[bio->fused_iovpos];
		if (bio->fused_iov_offset < iov->iov_len) {
			break;
		}

		bio->fused_iov_offset -= iov->iov_len;
	}
}

static int
bdev_nvme_queued_next_fused_sge(void *ref, void **address, uint32_t *length)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ref;
	struct iovec *iov;

	assert(bio->fused_iovpos < bio->fused_iovcnt);

	iov = &bio->fused_iovs[bio->fused_iovpos];

	*address = iov->iov_base;
	*length = iov->iov_len;

	if (bio->fused_iov_offset) {
		assert(bio->fused_iov_offset <= iov->iov_len);
		*address += bio->fused_iov_offset;
		*length -= bio->fused_iov_offset;
	}

	bio->fused_iov_offset += *length;
	if (bio->fused_iov_offset == iov->iov_len) {
		bio->fused_iovpos++;
		bio->fused_iov_offset = 0;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_no_pi_readv(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		      struct nvme_bdev_io *bio, struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt,
		      void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba)
{
	int rc;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "read %" PRIu64 " blocks with offset %#" PRIx64 " without PI check\n",
		      lba_count, lba);

	bio->iovs = iov;
	bio->iovcnt = iovcnt;
	bio->iovpos = 0;
	bio->iov_offset = 0;

	rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_readv_with_md(ns, qpair, lba, lba_count,
					    bdev_nvme_no_pi_readv_done, bio, 0,
					    bdev_nvme_queued_reset_sgl, bdev_nvme_queued_next_sge,
					    md, 0, 0);

	if (rc != 0 && rc != -ENOMEM) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("no_pi_readv failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
	}
	return rc;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_readv(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		struct nvme_bdev_io *bio, struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt,
		void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba, uint32_t flags)
{
	int rc;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "read %" PRIu64 " blocks with offset %#" PRIx64 "\n",
		      lba_count, lba);

	bio->iovs = iov;
	bio->iovcnt = iovcnt;
	bio->iovpos = 0;
	bio->iov_offset = 0;

	if (iovcnt == 1) {
		rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_read_with_md(ns, qpair, iov[0].iov_base, md, lba,
						   lba_count,
						   bdev_nvme_readv_done, bio,
						   flags,
						   0, 0);
	} else {
		rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_readv_with_md(ns, qpair, lba, lba_count,
						    bdev_nvme_readv_done, bio, flags,
						    bdev_nvme_queued_reset_sgl, bdev_nvme_queued_next_sge,
						    md, 0, 0);
	}

	if (rc != 0 && rc != -ENOMEM) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("readv failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
	}
	return rc;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_writev(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		 struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
		 struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba,
		 uint32_t flags)
{
	int rc;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "write %" PRIu64 " blocks with offset %#" PRIx64 "\n",
		      lba_count, lba);

	bio->iovs = iov;
	bio->iovcnt = iovcnt;
	bio->iovpos = 0;
	bio->iov_offset = 0;

	if (iovcnt == 1) {
		rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_write_with_md(ns, qpair, iov[0].iov_base, md, lba,
						    lba_count,
						    bdev_nvme_writev_done, bio,
						    flags,
						    0, 0);
	} else {
		rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_writev_with_md(ns, qpair, lba, lba_count,
						     bdev_nvme_writev_done, bio, flags,
						     bdev_nvme_queued_reset_sgl, bdev_nvme_queued_next_sge,
						     md, 0, 0);
	}

	if (rc != 0 && rc != -ENOMEM) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("writev failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
	}
	return rc;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_comparev(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		   struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
		   struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba,
		   uint32_t flags)
{
	int rc;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "compare %" PRIu64 " blocks with offset %#" PRIx64 "\n",
		      lba_count, lba);

	bio->iovs = iov;
	bio->iovcnt = iovcnt;
	bio->iovpos = 0;
	bio->iov_offset = 0;

	rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_comparev_with_md(ns, qpair, lba, lba_count,
					       bdev_nvme_comparev_done, bio, flags,
					       bdev_nvme_queued_reset_sgl, bdev_nvme_queued_next_sge,
					       md, 0, 0);

	if (rc != 0 && rc != -ENOMEM) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("comparev failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
	}
	return rc;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_comparev_and_writev(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
			      struct nvme_bdev_io *bio, struct iovec *cmp_iov, int cmp_iovcnt,
			      struct iovec *write_iov, int write_iovcnt,
			      void *md, uint64_t lba_count, uint64_t lba, uint32_t flags)
{
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);
	int rc;

	SPDK_DEBUGLOG(bdev_nvme, "compare and write %" PRIu64 " blocks with offset %#" PRIx64 "\n",
		      lba_count, lba);

	bio->iovs = cmp_iov;
	bio->iovcnt = cmp_iovcnt;
	bio->iovpos = 0;
	bio->iov_offset = 0;
	bio->fused_iovs = write_iov;
	bio->fused_iovcnt = write_iovcnt;
	bio->fused_iovpos = 0;
	bio->fused_iov_offset = 0;

	if (bdev_io->num_retries == 0) {
		bio->first_fused_submitted = false;
	}

	if (!bio->first_fused_submitted) {
		flags |= SPDK_NVME_IO_FLAGS_FUSE_FIRST;
		memset(&bio->cpl, 0, sizeof(bio->cpl));

		rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_comparev_with_md(ns, qpair, lba, lba_count,
						       bdev_nvme_comparev_and_writev_done, bio, flags,
						       bdev_nvme_queued_reset_sgl, bdev_nvme_queued_next_sge, md, 0, 0);
		if (rc == 0) {
			bio->first_fused_submitted = true;
			flags &= ~SPDK_NVME_IO_FLAGS_FUSE_FIRST;
		} else {
			if (rc != -ENOMEM) {
				SPDK_ERRLOG("compare failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
			}
			return rc;
		}
	}

	flags |= SPDK_NVME_IO_FLAGS_FUSE_SECOND;

	rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_writev_with_md(ns, qpair, lba, lba_count,
					     bdev_nvme_comparev_and_writev_done, bio, flags,
					     bdev_nvme_queued_reset_fused_sgl, bdev_nvme_queued_next_fused_sge, md, 0, 0);
	if (rc != 0 && rc != -ENOMEM) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("write failed: rc = %d\n", rc);
		rc = 0;
	}

	return rc;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_unmap(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
		uint64_t offset_blocks,
		uint64_t num_blocks)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_dsm_range dsm_ranges[SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_MAX_RANGES];
	struct spdk_nvme_dsm_range *range;
	uint64_t offset, remaining;
	uint64_t num_ranges_u64;
	uint16_t num_ranges;
	int rc;

	num_ranges_u64 = (num_blocks + SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_RANGE_MAX_BLOCKS - 1) /
			 SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_RANGE_MAX_BLOCKS;
	if (num_ranges_u64 > SPDK_COUNTOF(dsm_ranges)) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("Unmap request for %" PRIu64 " blocks is too large\n", num_blocks);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	num_ranges = (uint16_t)num_ranges_u64;

	offset = offset_blocks;
	remaining = num_blocks;
	range = &dsm_ranges[0];

	/* Fill max-size ranges until the remaining blocks fit into one range */
	while (remaining > SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_RANGE_MAX_BLOCKS) {
		range->attributes.raw = 0;
		range->length = SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_RANGE_MAX_BLOCKS;
		range->starting_lba = offset;

		offset += SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_RANGE_MAX_BLOCKS;
		remaining -= SPDK_NVME_DATASET_MANAGEMENT_RANGE_MAX_BLOCKS;
		range++;
	}

	/* Final range describes the remaining blocks */
	range->attributes.raw = 0;
	range->length = remaining;
	range->starting_lba = offset;

	rc = spdk_nvme_ns_cmd_dataset_management(ns, qpair,
			SPDK_NVME_DSM_ATTR_DEALLOCATE,
			dsm_ranges, num_ranges,
			bdev_nvme_queued_done, bio);

	return rc;
}

static int
bdev_nvme_admin_passthru(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch, struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
			 struct spdk_nvme_cmd *cmd, void *buf, size_t nbytes)
{
	uint32_t max_xfer_size = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_get_max_xfer_size(nvme_ch->ctrlr->ctrlr);

	if (nbytes > max_xfer_size) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("nbytes is greater than MDTS %" PRIu32 ".\n", max_xfer_size);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	bio->orig_thread = spdk_io_channel_get_thread(spdk_io_channel_from_ctx(nvme_ch));

	return spdk_nvme_ctrlr_cmd_admin_raw(nvme_ch->ctrlr->ctrlr, cmd, buf,
					     (uint32_t)nbytes, bdev_nvme_admin_passthru_done, bio);
}

static int
bdev_nvme_io_passthru(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
		      struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
		      struct spdk_nvme_cmd *cmd, void *buf, size_t nbytes)
{
	uint32_t max_xfer_size = spdk_nvme_ns_get_max_io_xfer_size(ns);
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr = spdk_nvme_ns_get_ctrlr(ns);

	if (nbytes > max_xfer_size) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("nbytes is greater than MDTS %" PRIu32 ".\n", max_xfer_size);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * Each NVMe bdev is a specific namespace, and all NVMe I/O commands require a nsid,
	 * so fill it out automatically.
	 */
	cmd->nsid = spdk_nvme_ns_get_id(ns);

	return spdk_nvme_ctrlr_cmd_io_raw(ctrlr, qpair, cmd, buf,
					  (uint32_t)nbytes, bdev_nvme_queued_done, bio);
}

static int
bdev_nvme_io_passthru_md(struct spdk_nvme_ns *ns, struct spdk_nvme_qpair *qpair,
			 struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
			 struct spdk_nvme_cmd *cmd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, void *md_buf, size_t md_len)
{
	size_t nr_sectors = nbytes / spdk_nvme_ns_get_extended_sector_size(ns);
	uint32_t max_xfer_size = spdk_nvme_ns_get_max_io_xfer_size(ns);
	struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *ctrlr = spdk_nvme_ns_get_ctrlr(ns);

	if (nbytes > max_xfer_size) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("nbytes is greater than MDTS %" PRIu32 ".\n", max_xfer_size);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (md_len != nr_sectors * spdk_nvme_ns_get_md_size(ns)) {
		SPDK_ERRLOG("invalid meta data buffer size\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * Each NVMe bdev is a specific namespace, and all NVMe I/O commands require a nsid,
	 * so fill it out automatically.
	 */
	cmd->nsid = spdk_nvme_ns_get_id(ns);

	return spdk_nvme_ctrlr_cmd_io_raw_with_md(ctrlr, qpair, cmd, buf,
			(uint32_t)nbytes, md_buf, bdev_nvme_queued_done, bio);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_abort_admin_cmd(void *ctx)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio = ctx;
	struct spdk_bdev_io *bdev_io = spdk_bdev_io_from_ctx(bio);
	struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch;
	struct nvme_bdev_io *bio_to_abort;
	int rc;

	nvme_ch = spdk_io_channel_get_ctx(spdk_bdev_io_get_io_channel(bdev_io));
	bio_to_abort = (struct nvme_bdev_io *)bdev_io->u.abort.bio_to_abort->driver_ctx;

	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_cmd_abort_ext(nvme_ch->ctrlr->ctrlr,
					   NULL,
					   bio_to_abort,
					   bdev_nvme_abort_done, bio);
	if (rc == -ENOENT) {
		/* If no admin command was found in admin qpair, complete the abort
		 * request with failure.
		 */
		bio->cpl.cdw0 |= 1U;
		bio->cpl.status.sc = SPDK_NVME_SC_SUCCESS;
		bio->cpl.status.sct = SPDK_NVME_SCT_GENERIC;

		spdk_thread_send_msg(bio->orig_thread, bdev_nvme_abort_completion, bio);
	}
}

static int
bdev_nvme_abort(struct nvme_io_channel *nvme_ch, struct nvme_bdev_io *bio,
		struct nvme_bdev_io *bio_to_abort)
{
	int rc;

	bio->orig_thread = spdk_io_channel_get_thread(spdk_io_channel_from_ctx(nvme_ch));

	rc = spdk_nvme_ctrlr_cmd_abort_ext(nvme_ch->ctrlr->ctrlr,
					   nvme_ch->qpair,
					   bio_to_abort,
					   bdev_nvme_abort_done, bio);
	if (rc == -ENOENT) {
		/* If no command was found in I/O qpair, the target command may be
		 * admin command. Only a single thread tries aborting admin command
		 * to clean I/O flow.
		 */
		spdk_thread_send_msg(nvme_ch->ctrlr->thread,
				     bdev_nvme_abort_admin_cmd, bio);
		rc = 0;
	}

	return rc;
}

static void
nvme_ctrlr_config_json_standard_namespace(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w,
		struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns)
{
	/* nop */
}

static void
nvme_namespace_config_json(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w, struct nvme_bdev_ns *nvme_ns)
{
	g_config_json_namespace_fn[nvme_ns->type](w, nvme_ns);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_opts_config_json(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w)
{
	const char	*action;

	if (g_opts.action_on_timeout == SPDK_BDEV_NVME_TIMEOUT_ACTION_RESET) {
		action = "reset";
	} else if (g_opts.action_on_timeout == SPDK_BDEV_NVME_TIMEOUT_ACTION_ABORT) {
		action = "abort";
	} else {
		action = "none";
	}

	spdk_json_write_object_begin(w);

	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "method", "bdev_nvme_set_options");

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "params");
	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "action_on_timeout", action);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint64(w, "timeout_us", g_opts.timeout_us);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "keep_alive_timeout_ms", g_opts.keep_alive_timeout_ms);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "retry_count", g_opts.retry_count);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "arbitration_burst", g_opts.arbitration_burst);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "low_priority_weight", g_opts.low_priority_weight);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "medium_priority_weight", g_opts.medium_priority_weight);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "high_priority_weight", g_opts.high_priority_weight);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint64(w, "nvme_adminq_poll_period_us", g_opts.nvme_adminq_poll_period_us);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint64(w, "nvme_ioq_poll_period_us", g_opts.nvme_ioq_poll_period_us);
	spdk_json_write_named_uint32(w, "io_queue_requests", g_opts.io_queue_requests);
	spdk_json_write_named_bool(w, "delay_cmd_submit", g_opts.delay_cmd_submit);
	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);
}

static void
nvme_bdev_ctrlr_config_json(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w,
			    struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr *nvme_bdev_ctrlr)
{
	struct spdk_nvme_transport_id	*trid;

	trid = nvme_bdev_ctrlr->connected_trid;

	spdk_json_write_object_begin(w);

	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "method", "bdev_nvme_attach_controller");

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "params");
	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "name", nvme_bdev_ctrlr->name);
	nvme_bdev_dump_trid_json(trid, w);
	spdk_json_write_named_bool(w, "prchk_reftag",
				   (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->prchk_flags & SPDK_NVME_IO_FLAGS_PRCHK_REFTAG) != 0);
	spdk_json_write_named_bool(w, "prchk_guard",
				   (nvme_bdev_ctrlr->prchk_flags & SPDK_NVME_IO_FLAGS_PRCHK_GUARD) != 0);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);
}

static void
bdev_nvme_hotplug_config_json(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w)
{
	spdk_json_write_object_begin(w);
	spdk_json_write_named_string(w, "method", "bdev_nvme_set_hotplug");

	spdk_json_write_named_object_begin(w, "params");
	spdk_json_write_named_uint64(w, "period_us", g_nvme_hotplug_poll_period_us);
	spdk_json_write_named_bool(w, "enable", g_nvme_hotplug_enabled);
	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);

	spdk_json_write_object_end(w);
}

static int
bdev_nvme_config_json(struct spdk_json_write_ctx *w)
{
	struct nvme_bdev_ctrlr	*nvme_bdev_ctrlr;
	uint32_t		nsid;

	bdev_nvme_opts_config_json(w);

	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_bdev_nvme_mutex);

	TAILQ_FOREACH(nvme_bdev_ctrlr, &g_nvme_bdev_ctrlrs, tailq) {
		nvme_bdev_ctrlr_config_json(w, nvme_bdev_ctrlr);

		for (nsid = 0; nsid < nvme_bdev_ctrlr->num_ns; ++nsid) {
			if (!nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[nsid]->populated) {
				continue;
			}

			nvme_namespace_config_json(w, nvme_bdev_ctrlr->namespaces[nsid]);
		}
	}

	/* Dump as last parameter to give all NVMe bdevs chance to be constructed
	 * before enabling hotplug poller.
	 */
	bdev_nvme_hotplug_config_json(w);

	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_bdev_nvme_mutex);
	return 0;
}

struct spdk_nvme_ctrlr *
bdev_nvme_get_ctrlr(struct spdk_bdev *bdev)
{
	if (!bdev || bdev->module != &nvme_if) {
		return NULL;
	}

	return SPDK_CONTAINEROF(bdev, struct nvme_bdev, disk)->nvme_ns->ctrlr->ctrlr;
}

SPDK_LOG_REGISTER_COMPONENT(bdev_nvme)