diff --git a/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.c b/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.c
index c164c08cf..cb439e634 100644
--- a/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.c
+++ b/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.c
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ struct spdk_bdev_module g_lvol_if = {
 
 SPDK_BDEV_MODULE_REGISTER(lvol, &g_lvol_if)
 
+static void _vbdev_lvol_destroy(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_lvol_op_complete cb_fn, void *cb_arg);
+
 struct lvol_store_bdev *
 vbdev_get_lvs_bdev_by_lvs(struct spdk_lvol_store *lvs_orig)
 {
@@ -50,8 +52,11 @@ vbdev_get_lvs_bdev_by_lvs(struct spdk_lvol_store *lvs_orig)
 	while (lvs_bdev != NULL) {
 		lvs = lvs_bdev->lvs;
 		if (lvs == lvs_orig) {
-			if (lvs_bdev->req != NULL) {
-				/* We do not allow access to lvs that are being destroyed */
+			if (lvs_bdev->removal_in_progress) {
+				/* We do not allow access to lvs that are being unloaded or
+				 * destroyed */
+				SPDK_DEBUGLOG(vbdev_lvol, "lvs %s: removal in progress\n",
+					      lvs_orig->name);
 				return NULL;
 			} else {
 				return lvs_bdev;
@@ -120,8 +125,11 @@ vbdev_get_lvs_bdev_by_bdev(struct spdk_bdev *bdev_orig)
 
 	while (lvs_bdev != NULL) {
 		if (lvs_bdev->bdev == bdev_orig) {
-			if (lvs_bdev->req != NULL) {
-				/* We do not allow access to lvs that are being destroyed */
+			if (lvs_bdev->removal_in_progress) {
+				/* We do not allow access to lvs that are being unloaded or
+				 * destroyed */
+				SPDK_DEBUGLOG(vbdev_lvol, "lvs %s: removal in progress\n",
+					      lvs_bdev->lvs->name);
 				return NULL;
 			} else {
 				return lvs_bdev;
@@ -359,7 +367,7 @@ _vbdev_lvs_remove_lvol_cb(void *cb_arg, int lvolerrno)
 	lvol = TAILQ_FIRST(&lvs->lvols);
 	while (lvol != NULL) {
 		if (spdk_lvol_deletable(lvol)) {
-			vbdev_lvol_destroy(lvol, _vbdev_lvs_remove_lvol_cb, lvs_bdev);
+			_vbdev_lvol_destroy(lvol, _vbdev_lvs_remove_lvol_cb, lvs_bdev);
 			return;
 		}
 		lvol = TAILQ_NEXT(lvol, link);
@@ -425,6 +433,8 @@ _vbdev_lvs_remove(struct spdk_lvol_store *lvs, spdk_lvs_op_complete cb_fn, void
 		return;
 	}
 
+	lvs_bdev->removal_in_progress = true;
+
 	req->cb_fn = cb_fn;
 	req->cb_arg = cb_arg;
 	lvs_bdev->req = req;
@@ -611,8 +621,8 @@ _vbdev_lvol_destroy_cb(void *cb_arg, int bdeverrno)
 	free(ctx);
 }
 
-void
-vbdev_lvol_destroy(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_lvol_op_complete cb_fn, void *cb_arg)
+static void
+_vbdev_lvol_destroy(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_lvol_op_complete cb_fn, void *cb_arg)
 {
 	struct vbdev_lvol_destroy_ctx *ctx;
 	size_t count;
@@ -620,6 +630,10 @@ vbdev_lvol_destroy(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_lvol_op_complete cb_fn, void *cb
 	assert(lvol != NULL);
 	assert(cb_fn != NULL);
 
+	/* Callers other than _vbdev_lvs_remove() must ensure the lvstore is not being removed. */
+	assert(cb_fn == _vbdev_lvs_remove_lvol_cb ||
+	       vbdev_get_lvs_bdev_by_lvs(lvol->lvol_store) != NULL);
+
 	/* Check if it is possible to delete lvol */
 	spdk_blob_get_clones(lvol->lvol_store->blobstore, lvol->blob_id, NULL, &count);
 	if (count > 1) {
@@ -647,6 +661,26 @@ vbdev_lvol_destroy(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_lvol_op_complete cb_fn, void *cb
 	spdk_bdev_unregister(lvol->bdev, _vbdev_lvol_destroy_cb, ctx);
 }
 
+void
+vbdev_lvol_destroy(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_lvol_op_complete cb_fn, void *cb_arg)
+{
+	struct lvol_store_bdev *lvs_bdev;
+
+	/*
+	 * During destruction of an lvolstore, _vbdev_lvs_unload() iterates through lvols until they
+	 * are all deleted. There may be some IO required
+	 */
+	lvs_bdev = vbdev_get_lvs_bdev_by_lvs(lvol->lvol_store);
+	if (lvs_bdev == NULL) {
+		SPDK_DEBUGLOG(vbdev_lvol, "lvol %s: lvolstore is being removed\n",
+			      lvol->unique_id);
+		cb_fn(cb_arg, -ENODEV);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	_vbdev_lvol_destroy(lvol, cb_fn, cb_arg);
+}
+
 static char *
 vbdev_lvol_find_name(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, spdk_blob_id blob_id)
 {
@@ -1086,6 +1120,7 @@ _create_lvol_disk(struct spdk_lvol *lvol, bool destroy)
 	lvs_bdev = vbdev_get_lvs_bdev_by_lvs(lvol->lvol_store);
 	if (lvs_bdev == NULL) {
 		SPDK_ERRLOG("No spdk lvs-bdev pair found for lvol %s\n", lvol->unique_id);
+		assert(false);
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}
 
diff --git a/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.h b/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.h
index 18da7ffc6..19129f47f 100644
--- a/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.h
+++ b/module/bdev/lvol/vbdev_lvol.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ struct lvol_store_bdev {
 	struct spdk_lvol_store	*lvs;
 	struct spdk_bdev	*bdev;
 	struct spdk_lvs_req	*req;
+	bool			removal_in_progress;
 
 	TAILQ_ENTRY(lvol_store_bdev)	lvol_stores;
 };
diff --git a/test/lvol/esnap/esnap.c b/test/lvol/esnap/esnap.c
index 998649081..f8db39409 100644
--- a/test/lvol/esnap/esnap.c
+++ b/test/lvol/esnap/esnap.c
@@ -672,6 +672,91 @@ esnap_remove_degraded(void)
 	CU_ASSERT(rc == 0);
 }
 
+static void
+late_delete(void)
+{
+	char aiopath[PATH_MAX];
+	struct spdk_lvol_store *lvs = NULL;
+	const uint32_t bs_size_bytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+	const uint32_t bs_block_size = 4096;
+	const uint32_t cluster_size = 32 * 1024;
+	struct op_with_handle_data owh_data;
+	struct lvol_bdev *lvol_bdev;
+	struct spdk_lvol *lvol;
+	int rc, rc2;
+	int count;
+
+	/* Create device for lvstore. This cannot be a malloc bdev because we need to sneak a
+	 * deletion in while blob_persist() is in progress.
+	 */
+	rc = make_test_file(bs_size_bytes, aiopath, sizeof(aiopath), "late_delete.aio");
+	SPDK_CU_ASSERT_FATAL(rc == 0);
+	rc = create_aio_bdev("aio1", aiopath, bs_block_size, false);
+	SPDK_CU_ASSERT_FATAL(rc == 0);
+	poll_threads();
+
+	/* Create lvstore */
+	rc = vbdev_lvs_create("aio1", "lvs1", cluster_size, 0, 0,
+			      lvs_op_with_handle_cb, clear_owh(&owh_data));
+	SPDK_CU_ASSERT_FATAL(rc == 0);
+	poll_error_updated(&owh_data.lvserrno);
+	SPDK_CU_ASSERT_FATAL(owh_data.lvserrno == 0);
+	SPDK_CU_ASSERT_FATAL(owh_data.u.lvs != NULL);
+	lvs = owh_data.u.lvs;
+
+	/* Create an lvol */
+	vbdev_lvol_create(lvs, "lvol", 1, true, LVOL_CLEAR_WITH_DEFAULT,
+			  lvol_op_with_handle_cb, clear_owh(&owh_data));
+	poll_error_updated(&owh_data.lvserrno);
+	CU_ASSERT(owh_data.lvserrno == 0);
+	CU_ASSERT(owh_data.u.lvol != NULL);
+
+	/* Verify the lvol can be found both ways */
+	CU_ASSERT(spdk_bdev_get_by_name("lvs1/lvol") != NULL);
+	CU_ASSERT(spdk_lvol_get_by_names("lvs1", "lvol") != NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Once the lvolstore deletion starts, it will briefly be possible to look up lvol bdevs and
+	 * degraded lvols in that lvolstore but any attempt to delete them will fail with -ENODEV.
+	 */
+	rc = 0xbad;
+	count = 0;
+	vbdev_lvs_destruct(lvs, lvol_op_complete_cb, &rc);
+	do {
+		lvol_bdev = (struct lvol_bdev *)spdk_bdev_get_by_name("lvs1/lvol");
+		if (lvol_bdev != NULL) {
+			rc2 = 0xbad;
+			vbdev_lvol_destroy(lvol_bdev->lvol, lvol_op_complete_cb, &rc2);
+			CU_ASSERT(rc2 == -ENODEV);
+		}
+		lvol = spdk_lvol_get_by_names("lvs1", "lvol");
+		if (lvol != NULL) {
+			/* If we are here, we are likely reproducing #2998 */
+			rc2 = 0xbad;
+			vbdev_lvol_destroy(lvol, lvol_op_complete_cb, &rc2);
+			CU_ASSERT(rc2 == -ENODEV);
+			count++;
+		}
+
+		spdk_thread_poll(g_ut_threads[0].thread, 0, 0);
+	} while (rc == 0xbad);
+
+	/* Ensure that the test exercised the race */
+	CU_ASSERT(count != 0);
+
+	/* The lvol is now gone */
+	CU_ASSERT(spdk_bdev_get_by_name("lvs1/lvol") == NULL);
+	CU_ASSERT(spdk_lvol_get_by_names("lvs1", "lvol") == NULL);
+
+	/* Clean up */
+	rc = 0xbad;
+	bdev_aio_delete("aio1", unregister_cb, &rc);
+	poll_error_updated(&rc);
+	CU_ASSERT(rc == 0);
+	rc = unlink(aiopath);
+	CU_ASSERT(rc == 0);
+}
+
 static void
 bdev_init_cb(void *arg, int rc)
 {
@@ -706,6 +791,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	CU_ADD_TEST(suite, esnap_clone_io);
 	CU_ADD_TEST(suite, esnap_hotplug);
 	CU_ADD_TEST(suite, esnap_remove_degraded);
+	CU_ADD_TEST(suite, late_delete);
 
 	allocate_threads(2);
 	set_thread(0);