diff --git a/common/helper/helper.go b/common/helper/helper.go
index a0d88ec2..babe422b 100644
--- a/common/helper/helper.go
+++ b/common/helper/helper.go
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ func GetUUID() string {
 }
 
 const keyChars = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+const keyNumbers = "0123456789"
 
 func init() {
 	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
@@ -168,6 +169,15 @@ func GetRandomString(length int) string {
 	return string(key)
 }
 
+func GetRandomNumberString(length int) string {
+	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	key := make([]byte, length)
+	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
+		key[i] = keyNumbers[rand.Intn(len(keyNumbers))]
+	}
+	return string(key)
+}
+
 func GetTimestamp() int64 {
 	return time.Now().Unix()
 }
diff --git a/controller/relay.go b/controller/relay.go
index 6c6d268e..240042b6 100644
--- a/controller/relay.go
+++ b/controller/relay.go
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 package controller
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/common/config"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/common/helper"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/common/logger"
+	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/middleware"
+	dbmodel "github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/model"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/relay/constant"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/relay/controller"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/relay/model"
 	"github.com/songquanpeng/one-api/relay/util"
 	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
 )
 
 // https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat
 
-func Relay(c *gin.Context) {
-	relayMode := constant.Path2RelayMode(c.Request.URL.Path)
+func relay(c *gin.Context, relayMode int) *model.ErrorWithStatusCode {
 	var err *model.ErrorWithStatusCode
 	switch relayMode {
 	case constant.RelayModeImagesGenerations:
@@ -31,32 +32,80 @@ func Relay(c *gin.Context) {
 	default:
 		err = controller.RelayTextHelper(c)
 	}
-	if err != nil {
-		requestId := c.GetString(logger.RequestIdKey)
-		retryTimesStr := c.Query("retry")
-		retryTimes, _ := strconv.Atoi(retryTimesStr)
-		if retryTimesStr == "" {
-			retryTimes = config.RetryTimes
+	return err
+}
+
+func Relay(c *gin.Context) {
+	ctx := c.Request.Context()
+	relayMode := constant.Path2RelayMode(c.Request.URL.Path)
+	bizErr := relay(c, relayMode)
+	if bizErr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	channelId := c.GetInt("channel_id")
+	lastFailedChannelId := channelId
+	channelName := c.GetString("channel_name")
+	group := c.GetString("group")
+	originalModel := c.GetString("original_model")
+	go processChannelRelayError(ctx, channelId, channelName, bizErr)
+	requestId := c.GetString(logger.RequestIdKey)
+	retryTimes := config.RetryTimes
+	if !shouldRetry(bizErr.StatusCode) {
+		logger.Errorf(ctx, "relay error happen, but status code is %d, won't retry in this case", bizErr.StatusCode)
+		retryTimes = 0
+	}
+	for i := retryTimes; i > 0; i-- {
+		channel, err := dbmodel.CacheGetRandomSatisfiedChannel(group, originalModel)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf(ctx, "CacheGetRandomSatisfiedChannel failed: %w", err)
+			break
 		}
-		if retryTimes > 0 {
-			c.Redirect(http.StatusTemporaryRedirect, fmt.Sprintf("%s?retry=%d", c.Request.URL.Path, retryTimes-1))
-		} else {
-			if err.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
-				err.Error.Message = "当前分组上游负载已饱和，请稍后再试"
-			}
-			err.Error.Message = helper.MessageWithRequestId(err.Error.Message, requestId)
-			c.JSON(err.StatusCode, gin.H{
-				"error": err.Error,
-			})
+		logger.Infof(ctx, "using channel #%d to retry (remain times %d)", channel.Id, i)
+		if channel.Id == lastFailedChannelId {
+			continue
+		}
+		middleware.SetupContextForSelectedChannel(c, channel, originalModel)
+		bizErr = relay(c, relayMode)
+		if bizErr == nil {
+			return
 		}
 		channelId := c.GetInt("channel_id")
-		logger.Error(c.Request.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("relay error (channel #%d): %s", channelId, err.Message))
-		// https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/error-codes/api-errors
-		if util.ShouldDisableChannel(&err.Error, err.StatusCode) {
-			channelId := c.GetInt("channel_id")
-			channelName := c.GetString("channel_name")
-			disableChannel(channelId, channelName, err.Message)
+		lastFailedChannelId = channelId
+		channelName := c.GetString("channel_name")
+		go processChannelRelayError(ctx, channelId, channelName, bizErr)
+	}
+	if bizErr != nil {
+		if bizErr.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+			bizErr.Error.Message = "当前分组上游负载已饱和，请稍后再试"
 		}
+		bizErr.Error.Message = helper.MessageWithRequestId(bizErr.Error.Message, requestId)
+		c.JSON(bizErr.StatusCode, gin.H{
+			"error": bizErr.Error,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func shouldRetry(statusCode int) bool {
+	if statusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		return true
+	}
+	if statusCode/100 == 5 {
+		return true
+	}
+	if statusCode == http.StatusBadRequest {
+		return false
+	}
+	if statusCode/100 == 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func processChannelRelayError(ctx context.Context, channelId int, channelName string, err *model.ErrorWithStatusCode) {
+	logger.Errorf(ctx, "relay error (channel #%d): %s", channelId, err.Message)
+	// https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/error-codes/api-errors
+	if util.ShouldDisableChannel(&err.Error, err.StatusCode) {
+		disableChannel(channelId, channelName, err.Message)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/middleware/auth.go b/middleware/auth.go
index 42a599d0..9d25f395 100644
--- a/middleware/auth.go
+++ b/middleware/auth.go
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func TokenAuth() func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.Set("token_name", token.Name)
 		if len(parts) > 1 {
 			if model.IsAdmin(token.UserId) {
-				c.Set("channelId", parts[1])
+				c.Set("specific_channel_id", parts[1])
 			} else {
 				abortWithMessage(c, http.StatusForbidden, "普通用户不支持指定渠道")
 				return
diff --git a/middleware/distributor.go b/middleware/distributor.go
index 704f6236..aeb2796a 100644
--- a/middleware/distributor.go
+++ b/middleware/distributor.go
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ func Distribute() func(c *gin.Context) {
 		userId := c.GetInt("id")
 		userGroup, _ := model.CacheGetUserGroup(userId)
 		c.Set("group", userGroup)
+		var requestModel string
 		var channel *model.Channel
-		channelId, ok := c.Get("channelId")
+		channelId, ok := c.Get("specific_channel_id")
 		if ok {
 			id, err := strconv.Atoi(channelId.(string))
 			if err != nil {
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ func Distribute() func(c *gin.Context) {
 					modelRequest.Model = "whisper-1"
 				}
 			}
+			requestModel = modelRequest.Model
 			channel, err = model.CacheGetRandomSatisfiedChannel(userGroup, modelRequest.Model)
 			if err != nil {
 				message := fmt.Sprintf("当前分组 %s 下对于模型 %s 无可用渠道", userGroup, modelRequest.Model)
@@ -77,29 +79,34 @@ func Distribute() func(c *gin.Context) {
 				return
 			}
 		}
-		c.Set("channel", channel.Type)
-		c.Set("channel_id", channel.Id)
-		c.Set("channel_name", channel.Name)
-		c.Set("model_mapping", channel.GetModelMapping())
-		c.Request.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", channel.Key))
-		c.Set("base_url", channel.GetBaseURL())
-		// this is for backward compatibility
-		switch channel.Type {
-		case common.ChannelTypeAzure:
-			c.Set(common.ConfigKeyAPIVersion, channel.Other)
-		case common.ChannelTypeXunfei:
-			c.Set(common.ConfigKeyAPIVersion, channel.Other)
-		case common.ChannelTypeGemini:
-			c.Set(common.ConfigKeyAPIVersion, channel.Other)
-		case common.ChannelTypeAIProxyLibrary:
-			c.Set(common.ConfigKeyLibraryID, channel.Other)
-		case common.ChannelTypeAli:
-			c.Set(common.ConfigKeyPlugin, channel.Other)
-		}
-		cfg, _ := channel.LoadConfig()
-		for k, v := range cfg {
-			c.Set(common.ConfigKeyPrefix+k, v)
-		}
+		SetupContextForSelectedChannel(c, channel, requestModel)
 		c.Next()
 	}
 }
+
+func SetupContextForSelectedChannel(c *gin.Context, channel *model.Channel, modelName string) {
+	c.Set("channel", channel.Type)
+	c.Set("channel_id", channel.Id)
+	c.Set("channel_name", channel.Name)
+	c.Set("model_mapping", channel.GetModelMapping())
+	c.Set("original_model", modelName) // for retry
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", channel.Key))
+	c.Set("base_url", channel.GetBaseURL())
+	// this is for backward compatibility
+	switch channel.Type {
+	case common.ChannelTypeAzure:
+		c.Set(common.ConfigKeyAPIVersion, channel.Other)
+	case common.ChannelTypeXunfei:
+		c.Set(common.ConfigKeyAPIVersion, channel.Other)
+	case common.ChannelTypeGemini:
+		c.Set(common.ConfigKeyAPIVersion, channel.Other)
+	case common.ChannelTypeAIProxyLibrary:
+		c.Set(common.ConfigKeyLibraryID, channel.Other)
+	case common.ChannelTypeAli:
+		c.Set(common.ConfigKeyPlugin, channel.Other)
+	}
+	cfg, _ := channel.LoadConfig()
+	for k, v := range cfg {
+		c.Set(common.ConfigKeyPrefix+k, v)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/middleware/request-id.go b/middleware/request-id.go
index 7cb66e93..234a93d8 100644
--- a/middleware/request-id.go
+++ b/middleware/request-id.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 func RequestId() func(c *gin.Context) {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
-		id := helper.GetTimeString() + helper.GetRandomString(8)
+		id := helper.GetTimeString() + helper.GetRandomNumberString(8)
 		c.Set(logger.RequestIdKey, id)
 		ctx := context.WithValue(c.Request.Context(), logger.RequestIdKey, id)
 		c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(ctx)